Logging in Canadian Forests. Photo by Ruth Hartnup, Creative Commons License.
The QuestionHow is climate change research shaping Canadian forestry policy?
BackgroundScientists are finding evidence that climate change has already impacted Canada’s vast forest regions. Shifts in climate are making forests vulnerable to attack by insects such as eastern spruce budworm and the mountain pine beetle, and to more frequent and more devastating fires. Forests are generally understood to absorb carbon from the atmosphere. By reducing atmospheric carbon they appear to offset sources of carbon from industry and elsewhere. But forests are not just carbon sinks, they are also potential sources of atmospheric carbon, especially as they become prone to frequent forest fires. Climate researchers are trying to model the contributions of forests to global carbon budgets. One hypothesis emerging is that young, managed forests absorb more carbon from the atmosphere than old growth forests. And yet, forest carbon dynamics are still not fully understood. Given that forest carbon budgets are difficult to model, researchers have not yet achieved a consensus on how or whether to include forest carbon stocks in global atmospheric carbon budgets. These uncertainties make it difficult to rely on forest carbon models alone when developing sound forest policy. Indeed, if these models dictated forest policy, governments would promote cutting down old growth forests and replacing them with managed forests. See below for more information.
Your Letter to Federal Scientists and Ministers
Dear Scientists,
Climate change poses a real threat to the health of Canadian forests and we are grateful that federal scientists are conducting research on this issue. We are also pleased to see that the Canadian Forest Service provides information to the public on its website outlining how its research programs are responding to climate change. One video explains how climate models and carbon budgets are being used as the basis for developing Canadian forestry policy. These models suggest that young, managed forests may be better carbon sinks than mature, old growth forests. The implication however is a forestry policy that promotes harvesting old growth forests and replacing them with managed forests. While climate change is undeniable, available climate models and modeling techniques are plagued with uncertainty.
How do your findings account for the ongoing debates in the climate modeling literature around best practices for the inclusion of forests in global carbon budgets? Are there uncertainties in your data or models that might cast doubt on a policy that promotes managed forests over protecting old growth forests? In other words, are these carbon budget models reliable enough to be used as the basis for forestry policy, especially when they appear to promote a policy of increased resource extraction from Canadian forests?
Such a managed forest policy seems to contradict well-established scientific evidence on the role of old growth forests in maintaining biodiversity, plant and animal habitat, water and nutrient cycling, and soil stability. In that regard, do you feel that the full range of your research, and the research of your colleagues, is being considered in formation of Canada’s forestry policy? In this case, are climate models and carbon budgets being used uncritically by the government to promote industry-friendly policies?
I am writing this email as part of Write2Know (http://write2know.ca) a letter-writing campaign that aims to mobilize public awareness and inquiry into federal research programs. We want to let you know that we value federal science and scientists, and that our questions arise out of genuine concerns about the health and well-being of Canadians.
We remain concerned about the legacy of constraints on access to federal scientists and the results of their research, the elimination of essential research programs, and the closure of libraries and archives. These constraints and closures have impacted what Canadians can and cannot know about the health of their bodies, communities, and environments. We are hopeful that a new government will address our concerns.
I look forward to your response.
Sincerely,
cc
Dr. Pierre Bernier, Research Scientist, Forest Productivity, Canadian Forest Service
Dr. Evelyne Thiffault, Research Scientist, Forest Biomass, Canadian Forest Service
Dr. Werner Kurz, Senior Research Scientist, Canadian Forest Service
Glenn Mason, Assistant Deputy Minister, Canadian Forest Service
Hon. Navdeep Bains, Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development
Hon. Jim Carr, Minister of Natural Resources
Hon. Catherine McKenna, Minister of Environment and Climate Change
Hon. Kirsty Duncan, Minister of Science
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Mar 22, 2015 99 Isabel Araneda Toronto, On Mar 22, 2015 98 Frank Chester Toronto, Ontario Mar 22, 2015 97 Katherine Duncanson Mar 22, 2015 96 Elizabeth Cecchetto Guelph, Ontario Mar 21, 2015 95 Lise Aubin Mar 21, 2015 94 Melissa Benner Toronto, Ontario Mar 21, 2015 93 Susan Ruddick Toronto, Ontario Mar 21, 2015 92 James Deutsch Mar 21, 2015 91 Nathalie Brunet Torbay, Newfoundland & Labrador Mar 21, 2015 90 Cameron Murray Toronto, On Mar 21, 2015 89 Heather Molleson Whitby, Ontario Mar 20, 2015 88 Lindsay Moore Vancouver, BC Mar 20, 2015 87 Scott Turner Mar 20, 2015 86 Diane Beckett ottawa, Ontario Mar 20, 2015 85 Kelly Fritsch Toronto, Ontario Mar 20, 2015 84 Shawn Mackinnon Brooklyn, NY Mar 19, 2015 83 Bonnie North Barrie, Ontario Mar 19, 2015 82 Dr. Tanya Dahms Regina, Saskatchewan Mar 19, 2015 81 Megan Stewart St. John's, NL Mar 19, 2015 80 Mary McCartney Mar 19, 2015 79 Lisa Fredrickson Vancouver, British Columbia Mar 19, 2015 78 Donna Martin Lake Cowichan, British Columbia Mar 19, 2015 77 Robyn Brown Fort Smith, NT Mar 19, 2015 76 Marie St.Onge-Davidson Ottawa, ON Mar 19, 2015 75 Ann Kujundzic Victoria, B.C. Mar 18, 2015 74 Graysanne Bedell Toronto, ON Mar 18, 2015 73 Aryn Martin Caledon, Ontario Mar 18, 2015 72 Benjamin Mitchell Halifax, NS Mar 18, 2015 71 Tara Lynn Kranics MISSISSAUGA, Ontario Mar 18, 2015 70 PETER HOBBS TORONTO, Ontario Mar 18, 2015 69 Robert Loveless Ottawa, Ontario Mar 18, 2015 68 Charlie MacLeod LaSalle, Quebec Mar 18, 2015 67 Nancy Biggs Orleans, Ontario Mar 18, 2015 66 Berenicci Hershorn Toronto, Ontario Mar 18, 2015 65 Edward Nagy Toronto, Ontario Mar 18, 2015 64 Heather Davis Mar 18, 2015 63 Julia Gruson-Wood Toronto, Ontario Mar 18, 2015 62 Xan Chacko OAKLAND, CA - California Mar 18, 2015 61 Arnold Amber, CJFE President Toronto, Ontario Mar 18, 2015 60 Alice Buchanan Alliston, Ontario Mar 17, 2015 59 Mel Hammoud London, ON Mar 17, 2015 58 Laura Sniderman Mar 17, 2015 57 Natalie Loveless Edmonton, Alberta Mar 17, 2015 56 Sarah Calvert barrie , on Mar 17, 2015 55 Joshua Weiner Mar 17, 2015 54 Sue Staniforth North Saanich, BC Mar 16, 2015 53 Leesa Fawcett Mono, Ontario Mar 16, 2015 52 Krista Maxwell Toronto, Ontario Mar 16, 2015 51 Constance Russell Thunder Bay Mar 16, 2015 50 Tyler Arseneault Port Coquitlam, British Columbia Mar 16, 2015 49 Ashley Johnson Toronto, Ontario Mar 16, 2015 48 Fran Thoburn Mar 16, 2015 47 Wade Bell Calgary, Alberta Mar 16, 2015 46 N M Astoria, New York Mar 16, 2015 45 Freyda Isaacs Toronto, Ontario Mar 16, 2015 44 Michael D. Dew Langley, B.C. Mar 16, 2015 43 June Larkin Toronto, Ontario Mar 16, 2015 42 Marta Berbes Kitchener, Ontario Mar 16, 2015 41 Anna Sapershteyn Mar 16, 2015 40 DAVID HLYNSKY Toronto, Ont Mar 15, 2015 39 Alfredo Converso Canora, Saskatchewan Mar 15, 2015 38 Sabrina Scott Toronto, Ontario Mar 15, 2015 37 Jillian Smith Mar 15, 2015 36 Jennifer Dyer st. John's , newfoundland Mar 15, 2015 35 Christianne Stephens Hamilton, Ontario Mar 14, 2015 34 Karen Englander Toronto, Ontario Mar 14, 2015 33 Ailsa Craig St. John's, NL Mar 14, 2015 32 Jody Berland Toronto, ON Mar 14, 2015 31 Michael Oman-Reagan Mar 13, 2015 30 Stuart Basden Toronto, Ontario Mar 13, 2015 29 Marilyn Marshall Stratford, ON Mar 13, 2015 28 Michael Zryd Toronto, Ontario Mar 13, 2015 27 carol farkas toronto, Ontario Mar 13, 2015 26 Bret Hampton Kimberley, BC Mar 13, 2015 25 Brian Owens St Stephen, NB Mar 13, 2015 24 Sheila Moini Ottawa, Ontario Mar 13, 2015 23 Lisa Howse Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Mar 13, 2015 22 Troy Ogden Regina, SK Mar 13, 2015 21 Martin Myers Toronto, ON Mar 13, 2015 20 Max Liboiron St. John's, Newfoundland Mar 13, 2015 19 Magdalena Kazubowski-Houston Toronto, ON Mar 12, 2015 18 Margrit Eichler Toronto, Ontario Mar 12, 2015 17 Alison Syme Toronto, Ontario Mar 12, 2015 16 Miguel Daraîche-Leblanc Montréal, Québec Mar 12, 2015 15 Stephen Song Lunenburg, Nova Scotia Mar 12, 2015 14 Charles Maurer Toronto, ON Mar 12, 2015 13 George Bisson Nova Scotia Mar 12, 2015 12 Sara Komarnisky Edmonton, Alberta (AB) Mar 12, 2015 11 thomas klie-cribb Mar 12, 2015 10 Callum C. J. Sutherland Toronto, Ontario Mar 11, 2015 9 Brad Wallace Ottawa, ON Mar 11, 2015 8 Michael Brewer Toronto, On Mar 11, 2015 7 Ayelen Liberona Toronto Mar 11, 2015 6 Katie Krelove Toronto, Ontario Mar 11, 2015 5 Lauren Smith Whitby, Ontario Mar 11, 2015 4 Devon Molleson Whitby, Ontario Mar 11, 2015 3 Natasha Myers Toronto, Ontario Mar 11, 2015 2 Samantha Reid Oshawa, Ontario Mar 11, 2015 1 Gina Molleson St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador Mar 11, 2015
More Information
A Year in the Life’ of Earth’s CO2. NASA’s simulation of global carbon cycling. It shows how concentrations of atmospheric carbon fluctuate with industrial production and with the seasons, as forests in the Northern Hemisphere begin to absorb carbon in summer months.
Buchholz, Thomas, et al. “Mineral Soil Carbon Fluxes in Forests and Implications for Carbon Balance Assessments.” GCB Bioenergy 6, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 305–11.
Buizer, Marleen, et al.. “Climate Change and Deforestation: The Evolution of an Intersecting Policy Domain.” Environmental Science & Policy, 35 (January 2014): 1–11