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Logging in Canadian Forests. Photo by Ruth Hartnup, Creative Commons License.
The QuestionHow is climate change research shaping Canadian forestry policy?
BackgroundScientists are finding evidence that climate change has already impacted Canada’s vast forest regions. Shifts in climate are making forests vulnerable to attack by insects such as eastern spruce budworm and the mountain pine beetle, and to more frequent and more devastating fires. Forests are generally understood to absorb carbon from the atmosphere. By reducing atmospheric carbon they appear to offset sources of carbon from industry and elsewhere. But forests are not just carbon sinks, they are also potential sources of atmospheric carbon, especially as they become prone to frequent forest fires. Climate researchers are trying to model the contributions of forests to global carbon budgets. One hypothesis emerging is that young, managed forests absorb more carbon from the atmosphere than old growth forests. And yet, forest carbon dynamics are still not fully understood. Given that forest carbon budgets are difficult to model, researchers have not yet achieved a consensus on how or whether to include forest carbon stocks in global atmospheric carbon budgets. These uncertainties make it difficult to rely on forest carbon models alone when developing sound forest policy. Indeed, if these models dictated forest policy, governments would promote cutting down old growth forests and replacing them with managed forests. See below for more information.
Your Letter to Federal Scientists and Ministers
Dear Scientists,
Climate change poses a real threat to the health of Canadian forests and we are grateful that federal scientists are conducting research on this issue. We are also pleased to see that the Canadian Forest Service provides information to the public on its website outlining how its research programs are responding to climate change. One video explains how climate models and carbon budgets are being used as the basis for developing Canadian forestry policy. These models suggest that young, managed forests may be better carbon sinks than mature, old growth forests. The implication however is a forestry policy that promotes harvesting old growth forests and replacing them with managed forests. While climate change is undeniable, available climate models and modeling techniques are plagued with uncertainty.
How do your findings account for the ongoing debates in the climate modeling literature around best practices for the inclusion of forests in global carbon budgets? Are there uncertainties in your data or models that might cast doubt on a policy that promotes managed forests over protecting old growth forests? In other words, are these carbon budget models reliable enough to be used as the basis for forestry policy, especially when they appear to promote a policy of increased resource extraction from Canadian forests?
Such a managed forest policy seems to contradict well-established scientific evidence on the role of old growth forests in maintaining biodiversity, plant and animal habitat, water and nutrient cycling, and soil stability. In that regard, do you feel that the full range of your research, and the research of your colleagues, is being considered in formation of Canada’s forestry policy? In this case, are climate models and carbon budgets being used uncritically by the government to promote industry-friendly policies?
I am writing this email as part of Write2Know (https://write2know.ca) a letter-writing campaign that aims to mobilize public awareness and inquiry into federal research programs. We want to let you know that we value federal science and scientists, and that our questions arise out of genuine concerns about the health and well-being of Canadians.
We remain concerned about the legacy of constraints on access to federal scientists and the results of their research, the elimination of essential research programs, and the closure of libraries and archives. These constraints and closures have impacted what Canadians can and cannot know about the health of their bodies, communities, and environments. We are hopeful that a new government will address our concerns.
I look forward to your response.
Sincerely,
cc
Dr. Pierre Bernier, Research Scientist, Forest Productivity, Canadian Forest Service
Dr. Evelyne Thiffault, Research Scientist, Forest Biomass, Canadian Forest Service
Dr. Werner Kurz, Senior Research Scientist, Canadian Forest Service
Glenn Mason, Assistant Deputy Minister, Canadian Forest Service
Hon. Navdeep Bains, Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development
Hon. Jim Carr, Minister of Natural Resources
Hon. Catherine McKenna, Minister of Environment and Climate Change
Hon. Kirsty Duncan, Minister of Science
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Add your Signature to the Letter on Forest Management and Climate Change
506 signatures
| 506 | Sydney Fuller | Yarmouth, NS | Jan 28, 2017 |
| 505 | ADALISS RODRIGUEZ | VERNON, Connecticut | Dec 01, 2016 |
| 504 | Meredith Evans | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 19, 2016 |
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| 476 | Thomas Ozden-Schilling | Cambridge, Massachusetts | Oct 02, 2015 |
| 475 | Sheana Parker | Knowlton, Quebec | Oct 02, 2015 |
| 474 | Larysa Ricchio | Brampton, ON - Ontario | Oct 02, 2015 |
| 473 | Wendy Greene | TORONTO, Ontario | Oct 02, 2015 |
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| 470 | Barbara Birkett | Oakville, ON - Ontario | Oct 02, 2015 |
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| 466 | Christine Brault | Montreal, Quebec | Sep 30, 2015 |
| 465 | Caitlynn Beckett | Regina, Saskatchewan | Sep 30, 2015 |
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| 460 | Devin Vernon | Sep 29, 2015 | |
| 459 | Monica Jankowski | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 29, 2015 |
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| 457 | Katrina Findlay | Sep 28, 2015 | |
| 456 | jessica barbuto | brooklin, on | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 455 | Marc Schwartz | Sep 28, 2015 | |
| 454 | Emily Hoey | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 453 | NICOLE PITULA | TORONTO, Ontario | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 452 | Samantha Satya-Charan | Ajax, Ontario | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 451 | Natalie Captain | Scarborough, Ontario | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 450 | Pardis Aliakbarkhani | Richmond Hill, ON | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 449 | Alessandra Cellucci | Toronto, ON | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 448 | Bendip Singh | brampton, Ontario | Sep 27, 2015 |
| 447 | Catherine Duchastel | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 27, 2015 |
| 446 | Nicole DeCassan | Woodbridge, Ontario | Sep 27, 2015 |
| 445 | Kaylin Hauzar | Toronto, ON | Sep 26, 2015 |
| 444 | Emily Dyck | Toronto, On | Sep 26, 2015 |
| 443 | Deepti Parmar | Markham, Ontario | Sep 25, 2015 |
| 442 | Anita James | Pincher Creek, AB | Sep 25, 2015 |
| 441 | Clara Czuppon | Sep 25, 2015 | |
| 440 | Ariane Hanemaayer | Halifax, Nova Scotia | Sep 25, 2015 |
| 439 | alexandra cimino | toronto, on | Sep 24, 2015 |
| 438 | Rebecca Todd | Sep 24, 2015 | |
| 437 | Patricia McMullen | Halifax, Nova Scotia | Sep 23, 2015 |
| 436 | Eva Seth | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 23, 2015 |
| 435 | Rida Nadeem | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 22, 2015 |
| 434 | Wing Yin Winny Yue | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 22, 2015 |
| 433 | Laura Graham | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 20, 2015 |
| 432 | Christina Phillips | Sep 09, 2015 | |
| 431 | Erin Franklin | Kingston, Ontario | Sep 07, 2015 |
| 430 | Michael Wheatley | Victoria, BC | Aug 10, 2015 |
| 429 | Vanessa Alsop | Toronto, Ontario | Jul 14, 2015 |
| 428 | shay warrior | gatineau, Quebec | Jul 13, 2015 |
| 427 | Rami Schandall | Toronto, ON | Jul 11, 2015 |
| 426 | sharon lawrence | Jun 28, 2015 | |
| 425 | Olivia Hall | Ottawa, ON | Jun 15, 2015 |
| 424 | Elizabeth McLellan | London, Ontario | Jun 03, 2015 |
| 423 | Virginia Green | Toronto, Ontario | Jun 01, 2015 |
| 422 | Hilah Silver | Montreal, Quebec | May 31, 2015 |
| 421 | Bruce MacLachlan | Revelstoke, British Columbia | May 31, 2015 |
| 420 | david coe | Gabriola, BC | May 30, 2015 |
| 419 | Laurelle Pachal | Regina, Sask | May 29, 2015 |
| 418 | Parma Yarkin | Windsor, Ontario | May 29, 2015 |
| 417 | John Yelland | Toronto , Ontario | May 29, 2015 |
| 416 | Rick Book | Toronto, ON | May 28, 2015 |
| 415 | Allana LeBlanc | Vancouver, BC | May 28, 2015 |
| 414 | Elizabeth Berg | Ailsa Craig, Ontario | May 27, 2015 |
| 413 | Jacqui Cardillo | Windsor, Ontario | May 27, 2015 |
| 412 | Kenneth Sawdon | Calgary, Alberta | May 27, 2015 |
| 411 | brenda mcintyre | May 27, 2015 | |
| 410 | Ralph Kreider | May 27, 2015 | |
| 409 | David Diamond | Vancouver, BC | May 27, 2015 |
| 408 | Carmen Gagnon | Belle River, Ontario | May 27, 2015 |
| 407 | Barbara Landell | Victoria, British Columbia | May 26, 2015 |
| 406 | Brenna Roux | Ottawa | May 26, 2015 |
| 405 | Raymond Morgan | Vancouver, BC | May 26, 2015 |
| 404 | Sandra slobodian | Victoria, BC | May 26, 2015 |
| 403 | Sylvain Trudeau | Lachine, Quebec | May 26, 2015 |
| 402 | Mary Harvey | May 26, 2015 | |
| 401 | Margaret Drummond | Wolfville, Nova Scotia | May 26, 2015 |
| 400 | Lynda hookham | midland , Ontario | May 26, 2015 |
| 399 | Connie Cuccurullo | Delta, BC | May 26, 2015 |
| 398 | Jane Paquette | Woodstock, Ontario | May 26, 2015 |
| 397 | Deborah Goodman | Winnipeg, Manitoba | May 26, 2015 |
| 396 | Molly Hill | Cambridge, ON - Ontario | May 26, 2015 |
| 395 | David Oxley | Toronto | May 26, 2015 |
| 394 | Dino Paoletti | May 26, 2015 | |
| 393 | Jan Mostad | St. John's, NL | May 26, 2015 |
| 392 | Beth Beech | Stratford, Ontario | May 26, 2015 |
| 391 | Janet Blackmore | Torbay, NL | May 26, 2015 |
| 390 | Marie Robertson | Ottawa, Ont | May 26, 2015 |
| 389 | Mary Alton | Toronto, ON | May 26, 2015 |
| 388 | Christine Kensit | British Columbia | May 26, 2015 |
| 387 | Daniel Kite | Mississauga, ON | May 26, 2015 |
| 386 | K. Groves | May 26, 2015 | |
| 385 | Dean Williams | Wallaceburg, Ontario | May 25, 2015 |
| 384 | Sarah Cooke | Regina, Saskatchewan | May 25, 2015 |
| 383 | Lorne Halabisky | edmonton, AB | May 25, 2015 |
| 382 | dian norcott | van, bc | May 25, 2015 |
| 381 | Wesley Hegg | May 25, 2015 | |
| 380 | Carey McPherson | Ucluelet, British Columbia | May 25, 2015 |
| 379 | Wendy Prouse | Hamilton, Ontario | May 25, 2015 |
| 378 | Gus Andrikopouos | HAMILTON, ON | May 25, 2015 |
| 377 | James Lansdowne | Victoria, BC | May 25, 2015 |
| 376 | Karalee Drdul | May 25, 2015 | |
| 375 | Jeff Dyck | Coaldale, Alberta | May 25, 2015 |
| 374 | Margaret Blandford | Baie d'Urfe, QC | May 25, 2015 |
| 373 | Melodie wettlaufer | May 25, 2015 | |
| 372 | Letty Lawrence | Winnipeg, Manitoba | May 25, 2015 |
| 371 | Betty Polsky | Victoria, British Columbia | May 25, 2015 |
| 370 | Lynn Taylor | Victoria, BC | May 25, 2015 |
| 369 | Rick Battams | Toronto, ON | May 25, 2015 |
| 368 | Perry Reimer | Winnipeg, Manitoba | May 25, 2015 |
| 367 | Ralph Kreider Ralph Kreider | Edmonton , Alberta | May 25, 2015 |
| 366 | Vladimir Ulovec | West Vancouver, BC | May 25, 2015 |
| 365 | Beatrice Beveridge | Elgin, Ontario | May 25, 2015 |
| 364 | Mercedes Serna | May 24, 2015 | |
| 363 | Sangye Martin | Toronto, ontario | May 21, 2015 |
| 362 | Liane Thibodeau | May 20, 2015 | |
| 361 | Sanjana Magee | Toronto, Ontario | May 16, 2015 |
| 360 | Jeff White | Toronto | May 15, 2015 |
| 359 | Nimue Mac Neil | Toronto, ON - Ontario | May 15, 2015 |
| 358 | Catherine Hagarty | Ontario | May 15, 2015 |
| 357 | Cindy Levesque | Toronto, Ontario | May 15, 2015 |
| 356 | Sascha Dallas | Toronto, Ontario | May 15, 2015 |
| 355 | Paul Scapinello | Guelph, Ontario | May 14, 2015 |
| 354 | Shirin Akhavi | May 14, 2015 | |
| 353 | Mahira Mohtashami | Toronto, ON | May 13, 2015 |
| 352 | Keith Simms | Pincourt, QC | May 13, 2015 |
| 351 | Maria Puig de la Bellacasa | Leicester, Leicestershire | May 09, 2015 |
| 350 | Atsuro Morita | Kyoto, Kyoto | Apr 30, 2015 |
| 349 | Kaelan Aubrey | Ottawa, Ontario | Apr 30, 2015 |
| 348 | janine marchessault | toronto, Ontario | Apr 30, 2015 |
| 347 | Samantha Salter | Whitehorse, YT | Apr 30, 2015 |
| 346 | Nita Nelson | Gainesville, Florida | Apr 29, 2015 |
| 345 | Gay Nemeth | Mississauga, ON | Apr 24, 2015 |
| 344 | Udo Krautwurst | Montague, Prince Edward Island | Apr 23, 2015 |
| 343 | Kathie Tutter | Toronto, Ontario | Apr 22, 2015 |
| 342 | Casper Bruun Jensen | Apr 21, 2015 | |
| 341 | Gloria Maximo | Brooklyn, NY | Apr 19, 2015 |
| 340 | Chip Clark | St. John's, NL | Apr 19, 2015 |
| 339 | Elmer Tory | Sackville, New Brunswick | Apr 17, 2015 |
| 338 | LESLEY DOUCH | SOOKE, BC | Apr 13, 2015 |
| 337 | Sonya Fitzpatrick | Victoria, BC | Apr 08, 2015 |
| 336 | Sahara Hakimi | Richmond Hill, Ontario | Apr 06, 2015 |
| 335 | Alex Hickey | LaHave, Nova Scotia | Apr 06, 2015 |
| 334 | Brian Sulz | Fort McMurray, Alberta | Apr 05, 2015 |
| 333 | Karlie Nelson | Onoway, Alberta | Apr 03, 2015 |
| 332 | Ang Salamanca | Apr 02, 2015 | |
| 331 | isabelle rousset | Apr 02, 2015 | |
| 330 | Karen Hinds | Apr 02, 2015 | |
| 329 | Vikram Kalia | London, ON | Apr 02, 2015 |
| 328 | Michael Dickie | Edmonton, Alberta | Apr 01, 2015 |
| 327 | Doug McFarlane | Edmonton, Alberta | Mar 31, 2015 |
| 326 | Khadija Saburi | Richmond Hill, Ontario | Mar 31, 2015 |
| 325 | Kathryn Graham | Mar 31, 2015 | |
| 324 | David Staniforth | Beaconsfield, QC | Mar 30, 2015 |
| 323 | Edda Mutter | Anchorage, AK | Mar 30, 2015 |
| 322 | Ian Davidson | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 30, 2015 |
| 321 | Elizabeth Matwey | Kitchener, Ontario | Mar 30, 2015 |
| 320 | Emma Waltraud Howes | Montreal, Quebec | Mar 30, 2015 |
| 319 | Gilles Mongeau | Ottawa, ON | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 318 | Fatema Ali | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 317 | Zara Malik | Pickering, Ontario | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 316 | Martin Klein | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 315 | Cedric Gagnon | Quebec, QC | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 314 | Jean-François Yelle | Varennes, Québec | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 313 | Laurence Parent | Montréal, Québec | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 312 | Carol Burnham Cook | Toronto, ON | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 311 | Holger Syme | Toronto, ON | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 310 | Constance Morel | Mar 28, 2015 | |
| 309 | Genevieve Ross | Mar 28, 2015 | |
| 308 | Astrida Ezergailis | Mar 28, 2015 | |
| 307 | Josh Lepawsky | St. John's, NL | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 306 | Jasmine North | Victoria, BC | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 305 | MJ Willard | Winnipeg, Manitoba | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 304 | Ariane Hanemaayer | Mar 27, 2015 | |
| 303 | John Hill | Vancouver, BC | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 302 | Dvera Saxton | Fresno, CA | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 301 | Thomas Munson | Victoria, BC | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 300 | Benjamin Butler | Toronto, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 299 | Gabin Cho | Toronto, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 298 | Kristian Gareau | Montreal, Qc | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 297 | Franka Terrance | Mar 27, 2015 | |
| 296 | Heather Hiebert | Burnaby , BC | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 295 | Darrel Melvin | Red Deer, Alberta | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 294 | Gerry St-Aubin | Nepean, On | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 293 | Benno Tutter | Toronto, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 292 | Timothy Pearson | London, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 291 | Suzanne Bradley Siskind | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 290 | Eleanor Louson | Toronto | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 289 | Stephanie Shea | Mar 27, 2015 | |
| 288 | André-Philippe Drapeau Picard | Québec, Qc | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 287 | Jean-Philippe Lessard | Montreal, Quebec | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 286 | Linda Gruson | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 285 | Laura Fraser | Mar 27, 2015 | |
| 284 | Walter Whiteley | Thornhill, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 283 | astrid schrader | Exeter | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 282 | Adam Auer | Ottawa, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 281 | Vicki pauze | Surrey, BC | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 280 | Sergio Sismondo | Kingston, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 279 | Ruth Porter | Mar 27, 2015 | |
| 278 | Shannon Stunden Bower | Mar 27, 2015 | |
| 277 | Janine MacLeod | Roberts Creek, British Columbia | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 276 | Andrea Muehlebach | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 275 | Susan Hammond | Winlaw, British Columbia | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 274 | Steve Alsop | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 273 | lisa cunningham | Mar 27, 2015 | |
| 272 | JOHN BENCZE | TORONTO, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 271 | Russell Magee | High River, Alberta | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 270 | Brian McLachlan | Toronto, On | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 269 | Richard McIlmoyle | Victoria, British Columbia | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 268 | Erica Franklin | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 267 | Alex Smith | Guelph, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 266 | Emily Walker | Halifax, NS | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 265 | Mahalia Freed | Toronto, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 264 | Alison Judd | ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 263 | Emery Potter | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 262 | Carlota McAllister | Mar 27, 2015 | |
| 261 | Lissette Olivares | Wayne, New Jersey | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 260 | Kirsty Robertson | London, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 259 | louise Coates | Alexandria, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 258 | roberta buiani | toronto, on | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 257 | Tyler Hnatuk | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 256 | Marc Roque | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 255 | Marcos Ginestra | San Bruno, California | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 254 | farnaz rezaie | toronto, ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 253 | ida amare | vaughan, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 252 | Sheriena Shanmugarasa | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 251 | Jessica Halteh | Richmond Hill, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 250 | Dianne Ferris | Southampton, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 249 | Louise Taylor | Kaslo, British Columbia | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 248 | Mariana Tzoneva | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 247 | Mary Catherine Salki | Winnipeg, Manitoba | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 246 | Will Harradence | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 245 | Gillian Batt | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 244 | Stefan Helmreich | Cambridge, MA | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 243 | Shannon Griffiths | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 242 | Ira Sentesy | SURREY, British Columbia | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 241 | Chris Kortright | Regina, Saskatchewan | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 240 | Dawn Bazely | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 239 | Vanessa Carbone | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 238 | Alexia Romano | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 237 | Alex Cui | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 236 | Elizabeth Ingram | Edmonton, AB | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 235 | Lucian Gomoll | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 234 | Erin Bentley | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 233 | Shubhra Gururani | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 232 | Leslie Vesely | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 231 | Diana Monks | Victoria, BC | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 230 | Daphne Winland | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 229 | Leah Cowen | Toronto, ON | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 228 | Majero Bouman | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 227 | judith cockman | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 226 | Ian Mosby | Toronto, Select State | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 225 | Sarah Van Dongen | Richmond Hill, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 224 | clara Puskas | TORONTO, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 223 | joan scott | St John's, NL | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 222 | Andrew Gilbert | Toronto, ONtario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 221 | andy thatcher | roberts creek, British Columbia | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 220 | Marc Lafleur | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 219 | Nadina Ganesh | Mississauga, ON | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 218 | Stacey Ritz | Sudbury, ON | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 217 | Karen Odegaard | Brantford, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 216 | karly hoar | brantford, on | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 215 | Viet Huynh | Toronto, ON | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 214 | Dorion Sagan | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 213 | Kathe Gray | Guelph, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 212 | Florencia Marchetti | Montreal, Quebec | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 211 | Navin Nayak | Washington, DC | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 210 | Dr. Sonnet L'Abbe | Waterloo, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 209 | Charlie Huisken | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 208 | Ramina Marksdin | Toronto, ON | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 207 | Danielle Schrage | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 206 | Evan Thompson | Vancouver, BC | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 205 | Jessica Caporusso | Toronto, ON | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 204 | Alicia C. | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 203 | Zaki Chowdhury | Pickering, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 202 | Wayne Wright | Surrey, BC | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 201 | Sheila Mudrick | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 200 | Jennifer Kwok | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 199 | Azeb Yusuf | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 198 | Peter Cook | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 197 | Kate Mudrick | Toronto, ON | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 196 | isabelle Burgun | Montréal, Québec | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 195 | kate dyson | Kelowna, British Columbia | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 194 | Tom Flemming | Hamilton, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 193 | Dianne Varga | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 192 | Jane Luzar | Mississauga, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 191 | John Lukasik | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 190 | Robin Shulman | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 189 | Pat Meehan | Vancouver, British Columbia | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 188 | Tyler Tossounian | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 187 | Ryan Wong | Edmonton, Alberta | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 186 | Natalia Skrzypek | Toronto, ON | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 185 | Helen Simoulidis | Toronto, ON | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 184 | Michael Laurentius | East York, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 183 | Oliver Whitfield-Smith | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 182 | Stewart Craven | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 181 | Shauna Cook | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 180 | Patricia Doherty | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 179 | Mark Matthews | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 178 | Sara Linares | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 177 | teressa black | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 176 | Rachel D'Ercole | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 175 | Alicia Covelli | Maple, ON | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 174 | Summer Bajwa | Brampton, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 173 | Trisha Monica Quevedo | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 172 | Tiffany Hunt | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 171 | Melissa Atkinson-Graham | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 170 | Ravi Inder Gill | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 169 | John Gibson | St. John's., NL - Newfoundland and Labrador | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 168 | david Fairchild | baddeck, NS | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 167 | Claire Waterton | lancaster, Lancashire | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 166 | Kenneth Little | Toronto, ON | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 165 | Jean-Paul Fossey | Dollard-des-Ormeaux, QC Quebec | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 164 | jonathan sabine | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 163 | Nicholas Burkill | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 162 | John D. Jacobs | St. John's , NL | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 161 | San Patten | HALIFAX, Nova Scotia | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 160 | Peter Vandergeest | Toronto, ON | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 159 | Pete Chapman | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 158 | Laurette Lévy | Montreal, Quebec | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 157 | Kristina Lyons | Santa Cruz, CA | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 156 | Annie Long | Toronto, ON - Ontario | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 155 | Mike Polowick | Vancouver, British Columbia | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 154 | Laurel Doucette | Mar 24, 2015 | |
| 153 | Teressa McMillan | Squamish, British Columbia | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 152 | Bria John | Toronto, ON - Ontario | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 151 | Tom Managhan | Sudbury, Ontario | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 150 | Susan Dewit | Oakville, Ontario | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 149 | Christy Doyle | Huntsville, ON | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 148 | Bryan Thomas | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 147 | Barbara Carmichael | Dunkirk, New York | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 146 | Marla Zapach | NORDEGG, AB - Alberta | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 145 | Darien Taylor | Toronto, ON | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 144 | Chantal Rheaume | québec, Quebec | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 143 | Luin Goldring | Mar 24, 2015 | |
| 142 | Sasha Watson | Lethbridge, AB | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 141 | Skye Maule-O'Brien | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 140 | Jeffrey Timms | Ancaster, Ontario | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 139 | Barbara Sadler Wells | Edmonton, Alberta | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 138 | Jennifer Henderson | Blacksburg, Virginia | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 137 | Tyler White | Calgary, AB | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 136 | Abelone Petersen | Grande Prairie, Alberta | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 135 | Caitlin Wells | Edmonton, AB | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 134 | Mary Pat Hinton | Fergus, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 133 | Marlene Rivier | Mar 23, 2015 | |
| 132 | Dr. Jennifer Dalton | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 131 | Sharon Fernandez | Ottawa, ON | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 130 | Aaron Bornstein | Princeton, New Jersey | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 129 | Margerit Roger | Winnipeg, Manitoba | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 128 | Brent den Ouden | Uxbridge, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 127 | Peter Taylor | Arlington, Massachusetts | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 126 | Andrew Trull | Killaloe, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 125 | Elisabeth Wilder | ROSLINDALE, Massachusetts | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 124 | Gilles Fecteau | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 123 | Ashley-Anne Churchill | Victoria, BC | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 122 | Wendy Bales | Deroche, British Columbia | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 121 | Pia Berger | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 120 | Ana Martinez | Oakville, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 119 | Kelly Husack | Regina, SK | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 118 | Rhiannon Ward | Regina, SK - Saskatchewan | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 117 | Quintin Zachary Hewlett | Hamilton, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 116 | Joan Steigerwald | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 115 | Karen Gordon | Mar 23, 2015 | |
| 114 | Paul Baines | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 113 | Cassandra Rees | Mar 23, 2015 | |
| 112 | Maggie Sutherland | St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 111 | Reg Quinton | St Marys, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 110 | Sara Martel | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 109 | nerea calvillo | london | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 108 | Peter Ramsden | St. John's | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 107 | Paula Graham | Mar 23, 2015 | |
| 106 | Adra Greig | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 105 | Stephanie Lloyd | Mar 23, 2015 | |
| 104 | Troy Head | Mar 23, 2015 | |
| 103 | Lorraine Quast | Oakville, on | Mar 22, 2015 |
| 102 | Daniel Mudrick | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 22, 2015 |
| 101 | Phyllis Creighton | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 22, 2015 |
| 100 | Jennette Lukasik | Hamilton, Ont. | Mar 22, 2015 |
| 99 | Isabel Araneda | Toronto, On | Mar 22, 2015 |
| 98 | Frank Chester | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 22, 2015 |
| 97 | Katherine Duncanson | Mar 22, 2015 | |
| 96 | Elizabeth Cecchetto | Guelph, Ontario | Mar 21, 2015 |
| 95 | Lise Aubin | Mar 21, 2015 | |
| 94 | Melissa Benner | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 21, 2015 |
| 93 | Susan Ruddick | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 21, 2015 |
| 92 | James Deutsch | Mar 21, 2015 | |
| 91 | Nathalie Brunet | Torbay, Newfoundland & Labrador | Mar 21, 2015 |
| 90 | Cameron Murray | Toronto, On | Mar 21, 2015 |
| 89 | Heather Molleson | Whitby, Ontario | Mar 20, 2015 |
| 88 | Lindsay Moore | Vancouver, BC | Mar 20, 2015 |
| 87 | Scott Turner | Mar 20, 2015 | |
| 86 | Diane Beckett | ottawa, Ontario | Mar 20, 2015 |
| 85 | Kelly Fritsch | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 20, 2015 |
| 84 | Shawn Mackinnon | Brooklyn, NY | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 83 | Bonnie North | Barrie, Ontario | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 82 | Dr. Tanya Dahms | Regina, Saskatchewan | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 81 | Megan Stewart | St. John's, NL | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 80 | Mary McCartney | Mar 19, 2015 | |
| 79 | Lisa Fredrickson | Vancouver, British Columbia | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 78 | Donna Martin | Lake Cowichan, British Columbia | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 77 | Robyn Brown | Fort Smith, NT | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 76 | Marie St.Onge-Davidson | Ottawa, ON | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 75 | Ann Kujundzic | Victoria, B.C. | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 74 | Graysanne Bedell | Toronto, ON | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 73 | Aryn Martin | Caledon, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 72 | Benjamin Mitchell | Halifax, NS | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 71 | Tara Lynn Kranics | MISSISSAUGA, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 70 | PETER HOBBS | TORONTO, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 69 | Robert Loveless | Ottawa, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 68 | Charlie MacLeod | LaSalle, Quebec | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 67 | Nancy Biggs | Orleans, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 66 | Berenicci Hershorn | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 65 | Edward Nagy | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 64 | Heather Davis | Mar 18, 2015 | |
| 63 | Julia Gruson-Wood | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 62 | Xan Chacko | OAKLAND, CA - California | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 61 | Arnold Amber, CJFE President | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 60 | Alice Buchanan | Alliston, Ontario | Mar 17, 2015 |
| 59 | Mel Hammoud | London, ON | Mar 17, 2015 |
| 58 | Laura Sniderman | Mar 17, 2015 | |
| 57 | Natalie Loveless | Edmonton, Alberta | Mar 17, 2015 |
| 56 | Sarah Calvert | barrie , on | Mar 17, 2015 |
| 55 | Joshua Weiner | Mar 17, 2015 | |
| 54 | Sue Staniforth | North Saanich, BC | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 53 | Leesa Fawcett | Mono, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 52 | Krista Maxwell | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 51 | Constance Russell | Thunder Bay | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 50 | Tyler Arseneault | Port Coquitlam, British Columbia | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 49 | Ashley Johnson | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 48 | Fran Thoburn | Mar 16, 2015 | |
| 47 | Wade Bell | Calgary, Alberta | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 46 | N M | Astoria, New York | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 45 | Freyda Isaacs | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 44 | Michael D. Dew | Langley, B.C. | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 43 | June Larkin | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 42 | Marta Berbes | Kitchener, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 41 | Anna Sapershteyn | Mar 16, 2015 | |
| 40 | DAVID HLYNSKY | Toronto, Ont | Mar 15, 2015 |
| 39 | Alfredo Converso | Canora, Saskatchewan | Mar 15, 2015 |
| 38 | Sabrina Scott | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 15, 2015 |
| 37 | Jillian Smith | Mar 15, 2015 | |
| 36 | Jennifer Dyer | st. John's , newfoundland | Mar 15, 2015 |
| 35 | Christianne Stephens | Hamilton, Ontario | Mar 14, 2015 |
| 34 | Karen Englander | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 14, 2015 |
| 33 | Ailsa Craig | St. John's, NL | Mar 14, 2015 |
| 32 | Jody Berland | Toronto, ON | Mar 14, 2015 |
| 31 | Michael Oman-Reagan | Mar 13, 2015 | |
| 30 | Stuart Basden | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 29 | Marilyn Marshall | Stratford, ON | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 28 | Michael Zryd | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 27 | carol farkas | toronto, Ontario | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 26 | Bret Hampton | Kimberley, BC | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 25 | Brian Owens | St Stephen, NB | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 24 | Sheila Moini | Ottawa, Ontario | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 23 | Lisa Howse | Saskatoon, Saskatchewan | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 22 | Troy Ogden | Regina, SK | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 21 | Martin Myers | Toronto, ON | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 20 | Max Liboiron | St. John's, Newfoundland | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 19 | Magdalena Kazubowski-Houston | Toronto, ON | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 18 | Margrit Eichler | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 17 | Alison Syme | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 16 | Miguel Daraîche-Leblanc | Montréal, Québec | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 15 | Stephen Song | Lunenburg, Nova Scotia | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 14 | Charles Maurer | Toronto, ON | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 13 | George Bisson | Nova Scotia | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 12 | Sara Komarnisky | Edmonton, Alberta (AB) | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 11 | thomas klie-cribb | Mar 12, 2015 | |
| 10 | Callum C. J. Sutherland | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 9 | Brad Wallace | Ottawa, ON | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 8 | Michael Brewer | Toronto, On | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 7 | Ayelen Liberona | Toronto | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 6 | Katie Krelove | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 5 | Lauren Smith | Whitby, Ontario | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 4 | Devon Molleson | Whitby, Ontario | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 3 | Natasha Myers | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 2 | Samantha Reid | Oshawa, Ontario | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 1 | Gina Molleson | St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador | Mar 11, 2015 |
More Information
A Year in the Life’ of Earth’s CO2. NASA’s simulation of global carbon cycling. It shows how concentrations of atmospheric carbon fluctuate with industrial production and with the seasons, as forests in the Northern Hemisphere begin to absorb carbon in summer months.
Buchholz, Thomas, et al. “Mineral Soil Carbon Fluxes in Forests and Implications for Carbon Balance Assessments.” GCB Bioenergy 6, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 305–11.
Buizer, Marleen, et al.. “Climate Change and Deforestation: The Evolution of an Intersecting Policy Domain.” Environmental Science & Policy, 35 (January 2014): 1–11