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A close-up view of a sample of microplastics taken from the Pacific Ocean. Microplastics are of concern because they can be easily ingested by marine life. Image by Max Liboiron, used with permission.
The QuestionWhat are the impacts of marine plastics on our food chain?
BackgroundPlastics have been found in every ocean in the world as well as in the Great Lakes. Most of these plastics are less than 5mm in size and can be easily ingested by many forms of marine life, from plankton to birds. Research has shown that marine plastics absorb oily chemicals, generating dense concentrations of toxins up to a million times more than surrounding water. These chemicals, as well as the ones that are already in plastics, are then absorbed by the animals that eat them. The chemicals accumulate at the top of the food chain, affecting humans. Aboriginal communities whose traditional diets include marine mammals face higher risk of contamination. Many of these chemicals are endocrine disruptors, which act like hormones in human and animal bodies. See below for more information.
Your Letter to Federal Scientists and Ministers
Dear Scientists,
Thank you for your research monitoring toxins and their movements through animals and the environment. Canadians are concerned about the impacts of marine plastics on their health and the health of marine ecosystems. Given your expertise in this area, I want to ask: How are marine plastics contributing to the accumulation of contaminants in individual animals? In what ways are marine plastics complicating current methods of analysis for bioaccumulation? How are contaminants being magnified as they move through marine and human food chains? What do your findings tell us about the implications of marine plastics for human health?
I am writing this email as part of Write2Know (https://write2know.ca) a letter-writing campaign that aims to mobilize public awareness and inquiry into federal research programs. We want to let you know that we value federal science and scientists, and that our questions arise out of genuine concerns about the health and well-being of Canadians.
We remain concerned about the legacy of constraints on access to federal scientists and the results of their research, the elimination of essential research programs, and the closure of libraries and archives. These constraints and closures have impacted what Canadians can and cannot know about the health of their bodies, communities, and environments. We are hopeful that a new government will address our concerns.
I look forward to your response.
Sincerely,
cc.
Dr. Craig E. Hebert, Research Scientist, Environment Canada
Dr. Brad Hill, Research Scientist, Environment Canada
Dr. Kim Fernie, Research Scientist, Environment Canada
Dr. Doug Crump, Research Scientist, Environment Canada
Dr. Neil Burgess, Research Scientist, Environment Canada
Dr. Lisa Bradley, Research Scientist, Environment Canada
Dr. Sean Backus, Research Scientist, Environment Canada
Dr. Daryl McGoldrick, Research Scientist, Environment Canada
Hon. Navdeep Bains, Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development
Hon. Jane Philpott, Minister of Health
Hon. Catherine McKenna, Minister of Environment and Climate Change
Hon. Hunter Tootoo, Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard
Hon. Kirsty Duncan, Minister of Science
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Add Your Signature to the Letter on Marine Plastics in Food Webs
516 signatures
| 516 | Sydney Fuller | Yarmouth, NS | Jan 28, 2017 |
| 515 | ADALISS RODRIGUEZ | VERNON, Connecticut | Dec 01, 2016 |
| 514 | Meredith Evans | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 19, 2016 |
| 513 | Suzanne Kennedy | Innisfil, On | Sep 11, 2016 |
| 512 | Bianca Acquaviva | Mar 30, 2016 | |
| 511 | Priscilla Targownik | Hauppauge, NY | Dec 23, 2015 |
| 510 | Lisa Lizick | Calgary, Alberta | Dec 22, 2015 |
| 509 | Michelle Murphy | Toronto, Ontario | Dec 22, 2015 |
| 508 | Ashley Critch-Dunne | St. John's, Newfoundland | Dec 22, 2015 |
| 507 | Michael Rushforth | San Antonio, Texas | Dec 22, 2015 |
| 506 | Erin Rushforth | San Antonio, Texas | Dec 22, 2015 |
| 505 | Alejandro Gil | Louisville, Kentucky | Dec 22, 2015 |
| 504 | Ben Spackman | Claremont, CA | Dec 22, 2015 |
| 503 | K Jazvac | Dec 22, 2015 | |
| 502 | Sherri Mason | Fredonia, New York | Dec 22, 2015 |
| 501 | Sarah Gurney | Halifax, Ns | Dec 22, 2015 |
| 500 | Nicholas White | St. John's, Newfoundland (NL) | Dec 22, 2015 |
| 499 | Sarah Martin | St. John's, NL | Dec 22, 2015 |
| 498 | Pam Hall | St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador | Dec 22, 2015 |
| 497 | Erella Ganon | Toronto, ON | Dec 08, 2015 |
| 496 | Kimberley Hedger | Newmarket, Ontario | Oct 22, 2015 |
| 495 | Catrin Mansur | Oct 18, 2015 | |
| 494 | Jonathan Orenbach | Toronto, Ontario | Oct 14, 2015 |
| 493 | Jeff MacFronton Jeff MacFronton | Lund, BC | Oct 12, 2015 |
| 492 | Marilyn McKim | Toronto, Ontario | Oct 09, 2015 |
| 491 | Richard Crane | Penetanguishene, Ontario | Oct 09, 2015 |
| 490 | Helena de Jonge-Crane | Penetanguishene, Ontario | Oct 09, 2015 |
| 489 | Kathleen Dizon | Toronto, Ontario | Oct 08, 2015 |
| 488 | Julia Murphy | Toronto, Ontario | Oct 08, 2015 |
| 487 | NICOLAS TUGUI | WINDSOR, Ontario | Oct 07, 2015 |
| 486 | Michael Nandwa | Brampton, Ontario | Oct 07, 2015 |
| 485 | Vanessa Pittari | Vaughan, Ontario | Oct 07, 2015 |
| 484 | Jason Bailey | Ottawa, Ontario | Oct 06, 2015 |
| 483 | Alisha Hickey | Hamilton, Ontario | Oct 06, 2015 |
| 482 | Nicholas Distefano | Woodbridge, Ontario | Oct 06, 2015 |
| 481 | Madison Veeneman | Oct 06, 2015 | |
| 480 | Sarah Khawaja | Etobicoke, Ontario | Oct 05, 2015 |
| 479 | Jamie W | Markham, Ontario | Oct 05, 2015 |
| 478 | Melanie Zhang | Toronto, Ontario | Oct 05, 2015 |
| 477 | Ovie Tobor | Toronto, Ontario | Oct 05, 2015 |
| 476 | Ethan Doney | St. John's, NL | Oct 05, 2015 |
| 475 | Mana Kiamari | Toronto, ON | Oct 04, 2015 |
| 474 | Robyn Lee | Toronto, Ontario | Oct 03, 2015 |
| 473 | Tera Mallette | Toronto, Ontario | Oct 03, 2015 |
| 472 | Thomas Ozden-Schilling | Cambridge, Massachusetts | Oct 02, 2015 |
| 471 | Sheana Parker | Knowlton, Quebec | Oct 02, 2015 |
| 470 | Larysa Ricchio | Brampton, ON - Ontario | Oct 02, 2015 |
| 469 | Arlie Belliveau | Toronto, ON | Oct 02, 2015 |
| 468 | Ellie Louson | Toronto, ON | Oct 02, 2015 |
| 467 | Geoff Siskind | Toronto, Ontario | Oct 02, 2015 |
| 466 | Brenda McGovern | Toronto, Ontario | Oct 01, 2015 |
| 465 | Caitlynn Beckett | Regina, Saskatchewan | Sep 30, 2015 |
| 464 | Danielle Taylor | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 30, 2015 |
| 463 | Marco Marino | Sep 29, 2015 | |
| 462 | Devin Vernon | Sep 29, 2015 | |
| 461 | Monica Jankowski | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 29, 2015 |
| 460 | Chelsie John | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 459 | Katrina Findlay | Sep 28, 2015 | |
| 458 | jessica barbuto | brooklin, Ontario | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 457 | Marc Schwartz | Sep 28, 2015 | |
| 456 | Emily Hoey | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 455 | NICOLE PITULA | TORONTO, Ontario | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 454 | Tanvir Kaur | Markham, On | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 453 | Samantha Satya-Charan | Ajax, Ontario | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 452 | Natalie Captain | Scarborough, Ontario | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 451 | Pardis Aliakbarkhani | Richmond Hill, ON | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 450 | Alessandra Cellucci | Toronto, ON | Sep 28, 2015 |
| 449 | Bendip Singh | Brampton, Ontario | Sep 27, 2015 |
| 448 | Catherine Duchastel | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 27, 2015 |
| 447 | Nicole DeCassan | Woodbridge, Ontario | Sep 27, 2015 |
| 446 | Kaylin Hauzar | Toronto, ON | Sep 26, 2015 |
| 445 | Emily Dyck | Toronto , Ontario | Sep 26, 2015 |
| 444 | Deepti Parmar | Markham, Ontario | Sep 25, 2015 |
| 443 | Anita James | Pincher Creek, Alberta | Sep 25, 2015 |
| 442 | Clara Czuppon | Sep 25, 2015 | |
| 441 | Ariane Hanemaayer | Halifax, Nova Scotia | Sep 25, 2015 |
| 440 | alexandra cimino | toronto, on | Sep 24, 2015 |
| 439 | Rebecca Todd | Sep 24, 2015 | |
| 438 | Eva Seth | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 23, 2015 |
| 437 | Rida Nadeem | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 22, 2015 |
| 436 | Wing Yin Winny Yue | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 22, 2015 |
| 435 | Laura Graham | Toronto, Ontario | Sep 20, 2015 |
| 434 | Erin Franklin | Kingston, Ontario | Sep 07, 2015 |
| 433 | Steven Lambe | Sarnia, Ontario | Aug 31, 2015 |
| 432 | Michael Wheatley | Victoria, BC | Aug 10, 2015 |
| 431 | Alex Crew | Sudbury, Ontario | Aug 09, 2015 |
| 430 | Josie Clement | Salt Spring Island, BC | Jul 22, 2015 |
| 429 | Vanessa Alsop | Toronto, Ontario | Jul 14, 2015 |
| 428 | Ursula Papierz | Surrey, British Columbia | Jun 22, 2015 |
| 427 | Olivia Hall | Ottawa, ON | Jun 15, 2015 |
| 426 | Elizabeth McLellan | London, Ontario | Jun 03, 2015 |
| 425 | Hilah Silver | Montreal, Quebec | May 31, 2015 |
| 424 | david coe | Gabriola, BC | May 30, 2015 |
| 423 | Roevel Guzman | Toronto | May 29, 2015 |
| 422 | Parma Yarkin | Windsor, Ontario | May 29, 2015 |
| 421 | John Yelland | Toronto , Ontario | May 29, 2015 |
| 420 | Allana LeBlanc | Vancouver, BC | May 28, 2015 |
| 419 | Lorraine Wilson | Thunder Bay, Ontario | May 28, 2015 |
| 418 | Elizabeth Berg | Ailsa Craig, Ontario | May 27, 2015 |
| 417 | Jacqui Cardillo | Windsor, Ontario | May 27, 2015 |
| 416 | brenda mcintyre | May 27, 2015 | |
| 415 | David Diamond | Vancouver, BC | May 27, 2015 |
| 414 | Carmen Gagnon | Belle River, Ontario | May 27, 2015 |
| 413 | David Brennan | Toronto, ON | May 27, 2015 |
| 412 | Barbara Landell | Victoria, British Columbia | May 26, 2015 |
| 411 | Brenna Roux | Ottawa | May 26, 2015 |
| 410 | Raymond Morgan | Vancouver, BC | May 26, 2015 |
| 409 | Sandra Slobodian | victoria, BC | May 26, 2015 |
| 408 | Barbara Saunders | New Hamburg , ON | May 26, 2015 |
| 407 | Mary Harvey | May 26, 2015 | |
| 406 | Margaret Drummond | Wolfville, Nova Scotia | May 26, 2015 |
| 405 | Connie Cuccurullo | Delta, BC | May 26, 2015 |
| 404 | Jane Paquette | Woodstock, Ontario | May 26, 2015 |
| 403 | Virginia Green | Toronto, Ontario | May 26, 2015 |
| 402 | Kerri Steele | Grunthal, Manitoba | May 26, 2015 |
| 401 | Molly Hill | Cambridge, ON - Ontario | May 26, 2015 |
| 400 | David Oxley | Toronto | May 26, 2015 |
| 399 | Joanne lewis | Allisto , Ontario | May 26, 2015 |
| 398 | Dino Paoletti | May 26, 2015 | |
| 397 | Jan Mostad | St. John's, NL | May 26, 2015 |
| 396 | John Wilbur | Hamilton, Ontario | May 26, 2015 |
| 395 | Janet Blackmore | Torbay, NL | May 26, 2015 |
| 394 | Marie Robertson | Ottawa, Ont | May 26, 2015 |
| 393 | Christine Kensit | Duncan, British Columbia | May 26, 2015 |
| 392 | Daniel Kite | Mississauga, ON | May 26, 2015 |
| 391 | Michelle Girard | Windsor, Ontario | May 26, 2015 |
| 390 | K. Groves | Barrie, Ontario | May 26, 2015 |
| 389 | Dean Williams | Wallaceburg, Ontario | May 25, 2015 |
| 388 | Sarah Cooke | Regina, Saskatchewan | May 25, 2015 |
| 387 | Lorne Halabisky | edmonton, AB | May 25, 2015 |
| 386 | Elizabeth J. Zemdegs | Bonavista, NL | May 25, 2015 |
| 385 | diana norcott | van, bc | May 25, 2015 |
| 384 | Wesley Hegg | Calgary, Alberta | May 25, 2015 |
| 383 | Carey McPherson | Ucluelet, British Columbia | May 25, 2015 |
| 382 | Wendy Prouse | Hamilton, Ontario | May 25, 2015 |
| 381 | Gus Andrikopouos | HAMILTON, ON | May 25, 2015 |
| 380 | Karalee Drdul | May 25, 2015 | |
| 379 | Jeff Dyck | Coaldale, Alberta | May 25, 2015 |
| 378 | Margaret Blandford | Baie d'Urfe, Quebec | May 25, 2015 |
| 377 | Letty Lawrence | Winnipeg, Manitoba | May 25, 2015 |
| 376 | Rick Battams | Toronto, ON | May 25, 2015 |
| 375 | Lynn Taylor | Victoria, BC | May 25, 2015 |
| 374 | Perry Reimer | Winnipeg, Manitoba | May 25, 2015 |
| 373 | Ralph Kreider Ralph Kreider | Edmonton , Alberta | May 25, 2015 |
| 372 | Vladimir Ulovec | West Vancouver, BC | May 25, 2015 |
| 371 | Beatrice Beveridge | Elgin, Ontario | May 25, 2015 |
| 370 | Sangye Martin | Toronto, ontario | May 21, 2015 |
| 369 | Liane Thibodeau | May 20, 2015 | |
| 368 | Kerri Flood | May 19, 2015 | |
| 367 | Sanjana Magee | Toronto, Ontario | May 16, 2015 |
| 366 | Jeff White | Toronto | May 15, 2015 |
| 365 | Nimue Mac Neil | Toronto, ON - Ontario | May 15, 2015 |
| 364 | Catherine Hagarty | Ontario | May 15, 2015 |
| 363 | Cindy Levesque | Toronto, Ontario | May 15, 2015 |
| 362 | Sascha Dallas | Toronto, Ontario | May 15, 2015 |
| 361 | Paul Scapinello | Guelph, Ontario | May 14, 2015 |
| 360 | Shirin Akhavi | May 14, 2015 | |
| 359 | Sara Taheri | May 13, 2015 | |
| 358 | Mahira Mohtashami | Toronto, ON | May 13, 2015 |
| 357 | Keith Simms | Pincourt, QC | May 13, 2015 |
| 356 | Ben Lindo | May 12, 2015 | |
| 355 | Erika Szymanski | Dunedin | May 09, 2015 |
| 354 | Maria Puig de la Bellacasa | Leicester, Leicestershire | May 09, 2015 |
| 353 | Atsuro Morita | Kyoto, Kyoto | Apr 30, 2015 |
| 352 | Kaelan Aubrey | Ottawa, Ontario | Apr 30, 2015 |
| 351 | Samantha Salter | Whitehorse, YT | Apr 30, 2015 |
| 350 | Gay Nemeth | Mississauga, ON | Apr 24, 2015 |
| 349 | Udo Krautwurst | Montague, Prince Edward Island | Apr 22, 2015 |
| 348 | Kathie Tutter | Toronto, Ontario | Apr 22, 2015 |
| 347 | Casper Bruun Jensen | Apr 21, 2015 | |
| 346 | Gloria Maximo | Brooklyn, NY | Apr 19, 2015 |
| 345 | Chip Clark | St. John's, NL | Apr 19, 2015 |
| 344 | Jennipher Alexander | Winnipeg, Manitoba | Apr 18, 2015 |
| 343 | Elmer Tory | Sackville, New Brunswick | Apr 17, 2015 |
| 342 | Michael Smith | Oakville, On | Apr 14, 2015 |
| 341 | Chandler Davis | Toronto, Ontario | Apr 14, 2015 |
| 340 | Lesley Douch | Sooke, B.C. | Apr 13, 2015 |
| 339 | Barbara Neis | St. John's, NL | Apr 07, 2015 |
| 338 | Sahara Hakimi | Richmond Hill, Ontario | Apr 06, 2015 |
| 337 | Alex Hickey | LaHave, Nova Scotia | Apr 06, 2015 |
| 336 | Brian Sulz | Fort McMurray, Alberta | Apr 05, 2015 |
| 335 | Emily McNally | Apr 05, 2015 | |
| 334 | Olga and Ken Richardson | Qualicum Beach, BC | Apr 04, 2015 |
| 333 | Karlie Nelson | Onoway, Alberta | Apr 03, 2015 |
| 332 | Doug McFarlane | Edmonton, Alberta | Apr 02, 2015 |
| 331 | Vikram Kalia | London, ON | Apr 02, 2015 |
| 330 | Khadija Saburi | Richmond Hill, Ontario | Mar 31, 2015 |
| 329 | Kathryn Graham | Mar 31, 2015 | |
| 328 | Edda Mutter | Anchorage, AK | Mar 30, 2015 |
| 327 | Elizabeth Matwey | Kitchener, Ontario | Mar 30, 2015 |
| 326 | Emma Waltraud Howes | Montreal, Quebec | Mar 30, 2015 |
| 325 | Andrew Schuldt | Toronto, ON | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 324 | Gilles Mongeau | Ottawa, ON | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 323 | barbara miller | Mar 29, 2015 | |
| 322 | Fatema Ali | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 321 | Zara Malik | Pickering, Ontario | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 320 | Martin Klein | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 319 | Cedric Gagnon | Quebec, QC | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 318 | Jean-François Yelle | Varennes, Québec | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 317 | Laurence Parent | Montréal, Québec | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 316 | Jennifer Dolik | Beaconsfield, Qc | Mar 29, 2015 |
| 315 | Anna Hargreaves | Vancouver, BC | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 314 | Carol Burnham Cook | Toronto, ON | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 313 | Holger Syme | Toronto, ON | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 312 | Constance Morel | Mar 28, 2015 | |
| 311 | Genevieve Ross | Halifax, Nova Scotia | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 310 | Agata fortier | toronto | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 309 | Virginia Thomas | Montreal, Quebec | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 308 | Josh Lepawsky | St. John's, NL | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 307 | Astrida Ezergailis | Toronto , ON | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 306 | D. Kohl | Winlaw, BC | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 305 | Jasmine North | Victoria, BC | Mar 28, 2015 |
| 304 | Ariane Hanemaayer | Mar 27, 2015 | |
| 303 | John Hill | Vancouver, BC | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 302 | MJ Willard, DVM, MD | Winnipeg, Manitoba | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 301 | Dvera Saxton | Fresno, California | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 300 | Benjamin Butler | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 299 | Gabin Cho | Toronto, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 298 | Franka Terrance | Mar 27, 2015 | |
| 297 | Heather Hiebert | Burnaby , BC | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 296 | Darrel Melvin | Red Deer, Alberta | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 295 | Katja Pettinen | Calgary, AB | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 294 | Timothy Pearson | London, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 293 | Suzanne Bradley Siskind | toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 292 | Eleanor Louson | Toronto | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 291 | Stephanie Shea | Mar 27, 2015 | |
| 290 | André-Philippe Drapeau Picard | Québec, Qc | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 289 | Jean-Philippe Lessard | Montreal, Quebec | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 288 | Angie Nicolás | Vancouver, British Columbia | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 287 | Ariana McAdorey | Ottawa | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 286 | Bruce Bagg | Brantford, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 285 | Linda Gruson | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 284 | Laura Fraser | tofino, bc | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 283 | Walter Whiteley | Thornhill, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 282 | astrid schrader | Exeter | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 281 | Adam Auer | Ottawa, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 280 | Vicki pauze | Surrey, BC | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 279 | Sergio Sismondo | Kingston, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 278 | Janine MacLeod | Roberts Creek, British Columbia | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 277 | Shannon Stunden Bower | Mar 27, 2015 | |
| 276 | Andrea Muehlebach | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 275 | Susan Hammond | Winlaw, British Columbia | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 274 | Lisa Cunningham | Mar 27, 2015 | |
| 273 | JOHN BENCZE | TORONTO, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 272 | Sheila O'Reilly | Guelph, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 271 | Brian McLachlan | Toronto, On | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 270 | Erica Franklin | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 269 | Cylla von Tiedemann von Tiedemann | Toronto, On | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 268 | Neil Richards | Ottawa, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 267 | Emily Walker | Halifax, NS | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 266 | Mahalia Freed | Toronto, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 265 | Alison Judd | Guelph, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 264 | Emery Potter | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 263 | Krista Lynes | Montreal, Quebec | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 262 | Aryn Martin | Caledon, On | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 261 | Jane Graham | London, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 260 | Lori Thompson | Wiinlaw, BC | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 259 | Sandrine Jean | St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 258 | Lissette Olivares | Wayne, New Jersey | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 257 | Kirsty Robertson | London, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 256 | Sarah Blacker | Mar 27, 2015 | |
| 255 | louise Coates | Alexandria, ON | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 254 | Tyler Hnatuk | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 253 | Marc Roque | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 27, 2015 |
| 252 | farnaz rezaie | toronto, ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 251 | ida amare | Vaughan, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 250 | Sheriena Shanmugarasa | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 249 | Jessica Halteh | Richmond hill, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 248 | Mariana Tzoneva | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 247 | Mary Catherine Salki | Winnipeg, Manitoba | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 246 | Will Harradence | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 245 | Gillian Batt | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 244 | Stefan Helmreich | Cambridge, MA | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 243 | Shannon Griffiths | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 242 | Chris Kortright | Regina, Saskatchewan | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 241 | Dawn Bazely | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 240 | Alexia Romano | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 239 | Vanessa Carbone | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 238 | Alex Cui | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 237 | Elizabeth Ingram | Edmonton, AB | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 236 | Erin Bentley | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 235 | Leslie Vesely | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 234 | Shubhra Gururani | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 233 | Donna Haraway | Santa Cruz, California | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 232 | Diana Monks | Victoria, British Columbia | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 231 | Daphne Winland | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 230 | Leah Cowen | Toronto, ON | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 229 | Majero Bouman | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 228 | judith cockman | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 227 | Ian Mosby | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 226 | Sarah Van Dongen | Richmond Hill, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 225 | Clara Puskas | TORONTO, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 224 | joan scott | St John's, NL | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 223 | andy thatcher | roberts creek, British Columbia | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 222 | Marc Lafleur | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 221 | Nadina Ganesh | Mississauga, ON | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 220 | Karen Odegaard | Brantford, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 219 | Regan Bagg | Brantford, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 218 | Karly Hoar | Brantford, On | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 217 | Viet Huynh | Toronto, ON | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 216 | Tasha Menary | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 215 | Kathe Gray | Guelph, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 214 | Dorion Sagan | Mar 26, 2015 | |
| 213 | Navin Nayak | Washington, DC | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 212 | Dr. Sonnet L'Abbe | Waterloo, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 211 | Charlie Huisken | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 210 | Ramina Marksdin | Toronto , ON | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 209 | Evan Thompson | Vancouver, BC | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 208 | Jessica Caporusso | Toronto, ON | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 207 | Alicia C. | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 206 | Zaki Chowdhury | Pickering, Ontario | Mar 26, 2015 |
| 205 | Mark Conlin | West Kelowna, BC | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 204 | Sheila Mudrick | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 203 | Jennifer Kwok | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 202 | Azeb Yusuf | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 201 | Kate Mudrick | Toronto, ON | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 200 | Peter Cook | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 199 | kate dyson | Kelowna, British Columbia | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 198 | Tom Flemming | Hamilton, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 197 | Jane Luzar | Mississauga, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 196 | Dianne Varga | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 195 | Robin Shulman | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 194 | John Lukasik | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 193 | Pat Meehan | Vancouver, British Columbia | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 192 | Emma somers | vancouver, bc | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 191 | Tyler Tossounian | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 190 | Ryan Wong | Edmonton, Alberta | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 189 | Natalia Skrzypek | Toronto, ON | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 188 | Helen Simoulidis | Toronto, ON | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 187 | Michael Laurentius | East York, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 186 | Oliver Whitfield-Smith | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 185 | Brent den Ouden | Uxbridge, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 184 | Stewart Craven | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 183 | Patricia Doherty | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 182 | Shauna Cook | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 181 | Mark Matthews | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 180 | Sara Linares | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 179 | teressa black | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 178 | Rachel D'Ercole | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 177 | Summer Bajwa | Brampton, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 176 | Alicia Covelli | Maple, ON | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 175 | Tiffany Hunt | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 174 | Trisha Monica Quevedo | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 173 | Melissa Atkinson-Graham | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 172 | Ravi Inder Gill | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 171 | John Gibson | St. John's., NL - Newfoundland and Labrador | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 170 | david fairchild | baddeck, NS | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 169 | Claire Waterton | Lancaster, Lancashire | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 168 | Margo Calvert | Dunnville, ON | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 167 | Kenneth Little | Toronto, ON | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 166 | Jean-Paul Fossey | Dollard-des-Ormeaux, QC Quebec | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 165 | jonathan sabine | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 164 | Lisa Montesi | Vancouver, B.C | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 163 | Nicholas Burkill | Mar 25, 2015 | |
| 162 | Rosemary Brindley | DRESDEN, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 161 | John D. Jacobs | St. John's , NL | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 160 | San Patten | HALIFAX, Nova Scotia | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 159 | Peter Vandergeest | Toronto, ON | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 158 | Pete Chapman | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 157 | Arn Keeling | St. John's, NL | Mar 25, 2015 |
| 156 | pleamon jenkins | Mar 24, 2015 | |
| 155 | Elissa Ross | Mar 24, 2015 | |
| 154 | Annie Long | Toronto, ON - Ontario | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 153 | Laurel Doucette | Mar 24, 2015 | |
| 152 | Teressa McMillan | Squamish, BC | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 151 | Bria John | Toronto, ON - Ontario | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 150 | Elizabeth Siu | Mar 24, 2015 | |
| 149 | bryant johnson | pt claire, pq | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 148 | Elaine Johnson | Sylvan Lake, Alberta | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 147 | Susan Dewit | Oakville, Ontario | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 146 | Bryan THomas | TOronto, Ontario | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 145 | Barbara Carmichael | Dunkirk, New York | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 144 | Jennifer Neufeld | Sherwood Park, Alberta | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 143 | Darien Taylor | Toronto, ON | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 142 | Chantal Rheaume | québec, Quebec | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 141 | Luin Goldring | Mar 24, 2015 | |
| 140 | Edward Clayton | Mount Pleasant, MI | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 139 | Sasha Watson | Lethbridge, AB | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 138 | Jeffrey Timms | Ancaster, Ontario | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 137 | Jennifer Henderson | Blacksburg, Virginia | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 136 | Tyler White | Calgary, AB | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 135 | Abelone Petersen | Grande Prairie, Alberta | Mar 24, 2015 |
| 134 | Katherine Middleton | Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 133 | Marlene Rivier | Mar 23, 2015 | |
| 132 | Dr. Jennifer Dalton | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 131 | Sharon Fernandez | Ottawa, ON | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 130 | dawn woodward | toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 129 | Aaron Bornstein | Princeton, New Jersey | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 128 | Peter Taylor | Arlington, Massachusetts | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 127 | JULIE COLES | VICTORIA, British Columbia | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 126 | Andrew Trull | Killaloe, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 125 | Elaine McKinnon | Oakville, ON | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 124 | Frances Deverell | Ottawa, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 123 | Gilles Fecteau | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 122 | Ashley-Anne Churchill | Victoria, BC | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 121 | Pia Berger | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 120 | Kelly Husack | Regina, SK | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 119 | Joan Steigerwald | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 118 | Karen Gordon | Mar 23, 2015 | |
| 117 | Paul Baines | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 116 | Maggie Sutherland | St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 115 | Reg Quinton | St Marys, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 114 | Sara Martel | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 113 | nerea calvillo | london | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 112 | Adra Greig | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 111 | Paula Graham | Mar 23, 2015 | |
| 110 | Stephanie Lloyd | Mar 23, 2015 | |
| 109 | Janet Childerhose | Ann Arbor, Michigan | Mar 23, 2015 |
| 108 | Troy Head | Mar 23, 2015 | |
| 107 | Benno Tutter | Toronto, ON | Mar 22, 2015 |
| 106 | Daniel Mudrick | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 22, 2015 |
| 105 | Phyllis Creighton | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 22, 2015 |
| 104 | Jennette Lukasik | Hamilton, Ont. | Mar 22, 2015 |
| 103 | Katherine Duncanson | Mar 22, 2015 | |
| 102 | Melissa Benner | Toronto | Mar 21, 2015 |
| 101 | James Deutsch | Mar 21, 2015 | |
| 100 | Nathalie Brunet | Torbay, Newfoundland & Labrador | Mar 21, 2015 |
| 99 | Cameron Murray | Toronto, On | Mar 21, 2015 |
| 98 | Heather Molleson | Whitby, Ontario | Mar 20, 2015 |
| 97 | Scott Turner | Mar 20, 2015 | |
| 96 | Diane Beckett | ottawa, Ontario | Mar 20, 2015 |
| 95 | Kelly Fritsch | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 20, 2015 |
| 94 | Ellen Brodey | Ontario | Mar 20, 2015 |
| 93 | Shawn Mackinnon | Brooklyn, NY | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 92 | Bonnie North | Barrie, Ontario | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 91 | Dr. Tanya Dahms | Regina, Saskatchewan | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 90 | Megan Stewart | St. John's, NL | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 89 | Joseph Bennett | Brisbane, Queensland | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 88 | Lisa Fredrickson | Vancouver, British Columbia | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 87 | Donna Martin | Lake Cowichan, British Columbia | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 86 | Robyn Brown | Fort Smith, NT | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 85 | Inge Tamm | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 84 | Carissa Brown | Portugal Cove-St. Philips, NL | Mar 19, 2015 |
| 83 | Ann Kujundzic | Vicgtoria, B.C. | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 82 | Fabiana Li | Winnipeg, MB | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 81 | Graysanne Bedell | Toronto, ON | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 80 | Benjamin Mitchell | Halifax, NS | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 79 | Peter Hobbs | TORONTO, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 78 | Robert Loveless | Ottawa, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 77 | Sandra Widmer | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 76 | Charlie MacLeod | LaSalle, Quebec | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 75 | Nancy Biggs | Orleans, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 74 | Berenicci Hershorn | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 73 | Tom Henheffer | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 72 | Edward Nagy | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 71 | Heather Davis | Mar 18, 2015 | |
| 70 | Julia Gruson-Wood | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 69 | Xan Chacko | OAKLAND, CA - California | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 68 | Arnold Amber, CJFE President | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 18, 2015 |
| 67 | Alice Buchanan | Alliston, Ontario | Mar 17, 2015 |
| 66 | Darlene Juschka | Regina, Saskatchewan | Mar 17, 2015 |
| 65 | Laura Sniderman | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 17, 2015 |
| 64 | Dr. Natalie Loveless | Edmonton, Alberta | Mar 17, 2015 |
| 63 | Sarah Calvert | barrie , on | Mar 17, 2015 |
| 62 | Khadija Coxon | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 17, 2015 |
| 61 | Joshua Weiner | Mar 17, 2015 | |
| 60 | Sue Staniforth | North Saanich, BC | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 59 | Dayna Scott | Toronto, ON | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 58 | kady cowan | toronto, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 57 | Leesa Fawcett | Mono, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 56 | Krista Maxwell | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 55 | Constance Russell | Thunder Bay, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 54 | Ashley Johnson | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 53 | Fran Thoburn | BC | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 52 | Martin Myers | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 51 | N M | Astoria, New York | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 50 | Freyda Isaacs | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 49 | Michael D. Dew | Langley, B.C. | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 48 | June Larkin | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 47 | Marta Berbes | Kitchener, Ontario | Mar 16, 2015 |
| 46 | David Hlynsky | toronto, Ont | Mar 15, 2015 |
| 45 | Alfredo Converso | Canora, Saskatchewan | Mar 15, 2015 |
| 44 | Shai Vera | Vancouver, BC | Mar 15, 2015 |
| 43 | Sabrina Scott | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 15, 2015 |
| 42 | Peter Constantinidis | Oshawa, Ontario | Mar 15, 2015 |
| 41 | Angela Cope | Oshawa, Ontario | Mar 15, 2015 |
| 40 | Jillian Smith | Mar 15, 2015 | |
| 39 | Pamela Smith | Toronto, ON | Mar 15, 2015 |
| 38 | Christianne Stephens | Hamilton, Ontario | Mar 14, 2015 |
| 37 | Ailsa Craig | St. John's, NL | Mar 14, 2015 |
| 36 | Michael Hooper | Donkin, Nova Scotia | Mar 14, 2015 |
| 35 | Michael Oman-Reagan | Mar 13, 2015 | |
| 34 | jody Berland | Toronto, ON | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 33 | Stuart Basden | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 32 | Marilyn Marshall | Stratford, ON | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 31 | Michael Zryd | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 30 | carol farkas | toronto, Choose a province | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 29 | Bret Hampton | Kimberley, BC | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 28 | Brian Owens | St Stephen, NB | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 27 | Lisa Howse | Saskatoon, Saskatchewan | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 26 | Troy Ogden | Regina, SK | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 25 | Martin Myers | Toronto, ON | Mar 13, 2015 |
| 24 | Magdalena Kazubowski-Houston | Toronto, ON | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 23 | elizaBeth Simpson | Urbana, Illinois | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 22 | Margrit Eichler | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 21 | Alison Syme | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 20 | Miguel Daraîche-Leblanc | Montréal, Quebec | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 19 | Charles Maurer | Toronto, ON | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 18 | Karen LaPrairie | Whitehorse , Yukon | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 17 | Kira Turner | Cambridge, Ontario | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 16 | patricia Stewart | Mar 12, 2015 | |
| 15 | Meghan Rose Allen | Sackville, New Brunswick | Mar 12, 2015 |
| 14 | Leitha Haysom | mahone bay, nova scotia | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 13 | Mara Mills | New York, NY | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 12 | Lina Pinto | Toronto, ON | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 11 | Callum C. J. Sutherland | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 10 | Michael Mills | Toronto, ON | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 9 | Michael Brewer | Toronto, On | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 8 | Ayelen Liberona | Toronto | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 7 | Lauren Smith | Whitby, Ontario | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 6 | Devon Molleson | Whitby, Ontario | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 5 | Natasha Myers | Toronto, Ontario | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 4 | Tony Adams | Melbourne, Victoria | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 3 | Samantha Reid | Oshawa, Ontario | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 2 | Gina Molleson | St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador | Mar 11, 2015 |
| 1 | Max Liboiron | St. John's, Newfoundland | Mar 11, 2015 |
More Information
Andreas Merkl. 2015. “Ocean Plastic Is Likely Disappearing into the Food Chain, New Study Indicates.” The Guardian.
Algalita Marine Research Foundation. “Plastic Debris Delivers Triple Toxic Whammy, Ocean Study Shows| Marine Research and Education.” 2015. Algalita.
Seltenrich, Nate. 2015. “New Link in the Food Chain? Marine Plastic Pollution and Seafood Safety.” Environmental Health Perspectives 123 (2).
Boerger, Christiana M., Gwendolyn L. Lattin, Shelly L. Moore, and Charles J. Moore. 2010. “Plastic Ingestion by Planktivorous Fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 60 (12): 2275–78.
Rochman, Chelsea M., Eunha Hoh, Tomofumi Kurobe, and Swee J. Teh. 2013. “Ingested Plastic Transfers Hazardous Chemicals to Fish and Induces Hepatic Stress.” Scientific Reports 3 (November).
Stromberg, Joesph. 2013. “How Plastic Pollution Can Carry Flame Retardants Into Your Sushi.” 2015. Smithsonian. Accessed March 9.