Uranium Mining

Warning: count(): Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable in /home/customer/www/write2know.ca/public_html/wp-content/plugins/speakup-email-petitions/includes/class.petition.php on line 307

The Question

What research is being done to monitor the contaminants generated by the uranium mining industry in Northern Saskatchewan? What are the known effects of these contaminants on human health?

The Background

Monitoring and assessing the environmental health impacts from uranium mining poses unique challenges for regulators and policy makers because of the chemical and radioactive toxicity of the materials these mines generate. In addition to uranium, these mines can produce radon, radium, arsenic, lead, nickel and molybdenum. Ongoing research has indicated that exposure to these contaminants, even in small amounts, can adversely and irreversibly affect health (Kuziak et al 1993, Taeger et al 2009). These studies show that exposures to low level, ionizing radiation, including radon, and the ingestion of uranium, increase the likelihood of cancers, and cardiovascular and kidney disease (e.g. Zamora et al., 1998, Rage et al 2014, Keil et al 2015).

Currently, there are nine uranium mines in various stages of development and operation in Northern Saskatchewan. This number will most likely increase, as earlier this year the Canadian government signed new trade deals to increase the export of uranium internationally. The government insists these efforts will benefit Canadians. However, there are thirty-two Aboriginal and Northern communities whose traditional hunting and fishing territories intersect with the boundaries of this mining region. The environmental health hazards of these mines to those who live in the surrounding area and who hunt, fish, and trap animals there remain understudied and the risks remain unclear.

There has yet to be a comprehensive baseline community health study of the effects of uranium mining on the individuals living in the surrounding area (see, for example, Dewar et al., 2013). Furthermore,  the provincial Cumulative Effects Monitoring (CEM) program that measures the environmental impacts of multiple uranium ended in 2008, and has yet to be reinstated. What research is the federal government doing to ensure the health and safety of those who live in the region?

Your Letter to the Director of the Radiological Impact Section

Dear Dr Jing Chen, Director, Radiological Impact Section, Health Canada,

Thank you for your research monitoring the human health impacts of exposure to radiological material. As a research scientist and the Director of Radiological Impact Section, Health Canada, I am sure you are aware of the numerous studies outlining the potential adverse health risks, such as an increase in the likelihood of cancers, associated with frequent exposure to radon and low doses of ionizing radiation (e.g. The National Academies, 2002). In a study measuring the levels of toxicity loads in northern caribou populations who graze near the mines, a group of scientists found significantly enhanced levels of radionuclides in their bodies compared to other caribou populations, making those who consume the caribou at risk for increased exposure (Thomas and Gates, 1999). A more recent case study of the uranium waste rock piles at Key Lake mine showed the potential for long-term surface and groundwater contamination, which could directly impact the communities who hunt, fish, trap, collect berries and medicine in the area (Singh and Hendry, 2013).

These findings suggest a need to continually monitor and assess the environmental health impacts from uranium mining in Northern Saskatchewan, particularly over the long term and at the community level. Based on your expertise, we would like to know:

• Is there a comprehensive plan in place to study and monitor the health impacts for the communities whose traditional hunting and fishing grounds intersect with the boundaries of the mines and exploratory sites?
• What research is being done to monitor the contaminants generated by the uranium mining?
• What are the known effects of these contaminants on human health?
• What are the findings of epidemiological studies conducted among community members who live near the uranium mines?
• If such studies have not been conducted, why not?

We believe that the thirty-two northern communities directly impacted by uranium extraction deserve to have accurate and reliable information on matters foundational to their long term health and well being. We are concerned that this lack of clear information is part of a broader trend in Canada that leaves northern and Aboriginal communities under-serviced when it comes to providing the health care and information they need make decisions about the well-being of their families and communities. These gaps need to be addressed by Health Canada.

I am writing this email as part of Write2Know (https://write2know.ca), a letter-writing campaign that aims to mobilize public awareness and inquiry into federal research programs. We want to let you know that we value federal science and scientists, and that our questions arise out of genuine concerns about the health and well-being of Canadians.

We remain concerned about the legacy of constraints on access to federal scientists and the results of their research, the elimination of essential research programs, and the closure of libraries and archives. These constraints and closures have impacted what Canadians can and cannot know about the health of their bodies, communities, and environments. We are hopeful that a new government will address our concerns.

We are posing questions to federal scientists about their research and findings, and forwarding our letters to federal Ministers and Members of Parliament to call attention to serious gaps between scientific evidence and government policy.

I look forward to your response.

Sincerely,

[Your name]

cc

Patsy Thompson, Director General of Environmental and Radiation Protection and Assessment Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
Hon. Carolyn Bennett, Minister of Indigenous and Northern Affairs
Hon. Catherine McKenna, Minister of Environment and Climate Change
Hon. Jim Carr, Minister of Natural Resources
Hon. Jane Philpott, Minister of Health
Hon. Hunter Tootoo, Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard
Hon. Kristy Duncan, Minister of Science
Hon. Navdeep Bains, Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development

Disclaimer: Any emails you send to a government email address potentially remain on file. Any contact information you provide, including your name, email address, IP address, and geographic location may be kept and used by the government institution you contact.

Please enter your information in the fields below to send your letter. Click on “Read the Petition” if you would like to edit the letter before you send it.

Sign Another Letter

Latest Participants

261	Emilie Dionne	Montreal, Quebec	Apr 29, 2017
260	Sydney Fuller	Yarmouth, NS	Jan 28, 2017
259	ADALISS RODRIGUEZ	VERNON, Connecticut	Dec 01, 2016
258	Ewan Stewart	Inverness, Inverness-shire Highland.	Jan 16, 2016
257	brittney poucachiche	Niagara falls, Ontario	Dec 09, 2015
256	Kevin Vaughn	Markham, ON	Nov 30, 2015
255	Michael Dworkind	Montreal, Quebec	Nov 23, 2015
254	Derek Parrott	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	Nov 12, 2015
253	Aaron Mayor	Brampton, Ontario	Oct 25, 2015
252	Kimberley Hedger	Newmarket, Ontario	Oct 22, 2015
251	Sonia Jacknife	Cold Lake, Alberta	Oct 22, 2015
250	Michelle K	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 19, 2015
249	Sarah Phul	Brampton, Ontario	Oct 19, 2015
248	Branson Chow	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 18, 2015
247	Andre Williams	Brampton, Ontario	Oct 18, 2015
246	Jonathan Orenbach	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 14, 2015
245	Raven Fu	NORTH YORK, Ontario	Oct 14, 2015
244	Nerea Calvillo	London, UK	Oct 09, 2015
243	Michael Myengun Amos	toronto, ontario	Oct 08, 2015
242	Tanvir Lehal	Brampton, ON	Oct 08, 2015
241	Kathleen Dizon	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 08, 2015
240	Gabriel Pouliot	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 08, 2015
239	Julia Murphy	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 08, 2015
238	Nicolas Tugui	Windsor, ontario	Oct 07, 2015
237	Michael Nandwa	Bramptom, Ontario	Oct 07, 2015
236	Graysanne Bedell	TORONTO, ON	Oct 07, 2015
235	Vanessa Pittari	Vaughan, Ontario	Oct 07, 2015
234	Dr. Jason Bailey	Ottawa, ON	Oct 06, 2015
233	Kevin Cham	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 06, 2015
232	Alisha Hickey	Hamilton, Ontario	Oct 06, 2015
231	Nicholas Distefano	Woodbridge, Ontario	Oct 06, 2015
230	Jalani Bennett	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 06, 2015
229	Sarah Khawaja	Etobicoke, Ontario	Oct 05, 2015
228	Melanie Zhang	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 05, 2015
227	gale cabiles	aurora, Ontario	Oct 05, 2015
226	Ovie Tobor	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 05, 2015
225	Jason Luo	Markham, Ontario	Oct 05, 2015
224	Andrew Hargobind	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 05, 2015
223	Ethan Doney	St. John's, NL	Oct 05, 2015
222	Susan Tarnow	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 04, 2015
221	Jasraj Singh	Brampton, Ontario	Oct 04, 2015
220	Margo Ebanks Wright	brampton, ontario	Oct 04, 2015
219	Christian Iozzo	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 04, 2015
218	Vivian Cheung	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 04, 2015
217	Lara Tessaro	Toronto , ON	Oct 04, 2015
216	Sheila Mudrick		Oct 04, 2015
215	Hande Dumanogullari	etobicoke, Ontario	Oct 04, 2015
214	Leonard Lacson	Vaughan, Ontario	Oct 03, 2015
213	Musthafa Raswoli	Markham, Ontario	Oct 03, 2015
212	Ghazal Jarouj	North York, ON	Oct 03, 2015
211	Phuc Pham	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 03, 2015
210	Noa Gorelik	Vaughan, ON	Oct 03, 2015
209	Robyn Lee	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 03, 2015
208	Patricia Marida	Columubs, Ohio	Oct 03, 2015
207	Chrishan Annestine	Stouffville, Ontario	Oct 03, 2015
206	Lisa Cockburn	Toronto, ON	Oct 03, 2015
205	Lori Thompson	Winlaw, BC	Oct 03, 2015
204	Mana Kiamari	Toronto, M2M 2E2	Oct 03, 2015
203	Maria Heynen	Ottawa, Ontario	Oct 03, 2015
202	Robert McBryde	Montreal, Quebec	Oct 03, 2015
201	Patrick travers	toronto, ontario	Oct 03, 2015
200	Ari dasgupta	toronto, on	Oct 03, 2015
199	Tera Mallette	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 03, 2015
198	Kendra hawke	toronto, on	Oct 02, 2015
197	Margaret Rao	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
196	Thomas Ozden-Schilling	Cambridge, Massachusetts	Oct 02, 2015
195	Kareem Azees	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
194	Sheana Parker	Knowlton, Quebec	Oct 02, 2015
193	Barry Fleming	Port Moody, British Columbia	Oct 02, 2015
192	Mariam Hassan	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
191	Arlie Belliveau	Toronto, ON	Oct 02, 2015
190	Ellie Louson	Toronto, ON	Oct 02, 2015
189	Barbara Birkett	Oakville, ON - Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
188	David Dell'Angelo	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
187	Justin Hsieh	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
186	Jody Berland	Toronto, ON	Oct 02, 2015
185	Debra Ladd	St.lambert, Quebec	Oct 02, 2015
184	Aishwarya Sharma	Mississauga, Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
183	Phyllis Creighton	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
182	Bev LeFrancois	Oakville, Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
181	Paul Joffe	St-Lambert, Quebec	Oct 02, 2015
180	Anvi Raval	Brampton , Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
179	Nancy Thede	Montréal, Québec	Oct 02, 2015
178	Prathepan Ramkumar	Scarborough, Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
177	Aryn Martin	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
176	Christianne Stephens	Hamilton, Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
175	Mark Vardy	Kingston, ON	Oct 02, 2015
174	Joan Steigerwald		Oct 02, 2015
173	Suzanne Siskind	Toronto , Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
172	Constance Simmonds	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
171	lawrence bernardo	courtice, Ontario	Oct 02, 2015
170	Noémi Tousignant	Montreal, Québec	Oct 01, 2015
169	Brenda McGovern	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 01, 2015
168	Andrew Schuldt	toronto, on	Oct 01, 2015
167	Bonnie Shemie	montreal , quebec	Oct 01, 2015
166	Mahira Mohtashami	Toronto, ON	Oct 01, 2015
165	Dianne Varga	Kelowna, British Columbia	Oct 01, 2015
164	Mary Webb	halifax, NS	Oct 01, 2015
163	Lynn Taylor	Victoria, BC	Oct 01, 2015
162	Denis LeBlanc	Ottawa, Ontario	Oct 01, 2015
161	Dr. Tanya Dahms	Regina, Saskatchewan	Oct 01, 2015
160	William Shore	Sutton, Ontario	Oct 01, 2015
159	Darlene Juschka	Regina, SK	Oct 01, 2015
158	Christy Spackman	Claremont, California	Oct 01, 2015
157	Kelly Fritsch	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 01, 2015
156	Michelle Murphy	Toronto, Ontario	Oct 01, 2015
155	Laurel Doucette	St. John's, NL	Oct 01, 2015
154	Anthony Templer	Hilton, Ontario	Oct 01, 2015
153	Nick Shapiro	Philadelphia, PA	Oct 01, 2015
152	Betty Ann Watt	Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, Saskatchewan	Oct 01, 2015
151	Martha Buchanan	ROyal Oak, Michigan	Sep 30, 2015
150	Pamela Edwards	Victoria , B.C.	Sep 30, 2015
149	Billy Lee	Ottawa, Ontario	Sep 30, 2015
148	Maryse dumas	montreal, quebec	Sep 30, 2015
147	Benjamin Mitchell	Pickering, Ontario	Sep 30, 2015
146	James Richardson		Sep 30, 2015
145	Caitlynn Beckett	Regina, Saskatchewan	Sep 30, 2015
144	beverly tymchuk		Sep 30, 2015
143	Kelly Ladd	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 30, 2015
142	Danielle Taylor	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 30, 2015
141	Laura Fraser	Tofino, bc	Sep 30, 2015
140	ms veeto	dorrigo, nsw	Sep 29, 2015
139	Marco Marino		Sep 29, 2015
138	John Dupuis	Toronto, ON	Sep 29, 2015
137	Sarah Gurney		Sep 29, 2015
136	Jessica Caporusso	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 29, 2015
135	Mara Mills	New York, NY	Sep 29, 2015
134	Devin Vernon	Toronto , Ontario	Sep 29, 2015
133	Monica Jankowski	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 29, 2015
132	mitzi drysdale	Perth , Western Australia	Sep 29, 2015
131	Choyce Chappell	Montague, PE	Sep 29, 2015
130	Madeline Hudson	Preston, Victoria	Sep 29, 2015
129	Mia Pepper	Perth , WA	Sep 29, 2015
128	Henrik Andersson	Kiruna, Sweden	Sep 29, 2015
127	Karl Schmid	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 28, 2015
126	Kathe Gray	Guelph, Ontario	Sep 28, 2015
125	keila marques	toronto, ontario	Sep 28, 2015
124	Chelsie John	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 28, 2015
123	Katrina Findlay		Sep 28, 2015
122	Jessica Barbuto	Brooklin, Ontario	Sep 28, 2015
121	Shubhra Gururani	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 28, 2015
120	Marc Schwartz		Sep 28, 2015
119	Emily Hoey	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 28, 2015
118	NICOLE PITULA	TORONTO, Ontario	Sep 28, 2015
117	Tanvir Kaur	Markham , On	Sep 28, 2015
116	Lina Pinto	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 28, 2015
115	Samantha Satya-Charan	Ajax, Ontario	Sep 28, 2015
114	Natalie Captain	Scarborough, Ontario	Sep 28, 2015
113	Pardis Aliakbarkhani	Richmond Hill, ON	Sep 28, 2015
112	Steven Enman-Beech	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 28, 2015
111	Alessandra Cellucci	Toronto, ON	Sep 28, 2015
110	Daniel Mudrick	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 27, 2015
109	Michelle Giatti	vaughan, Ontario	Sep 27, 2015
108	Matt sedo	toronto, ontario	Sep 27, 2015
107	Radmila Rakas		Sep 27, 2015
106	Bendip Singh	Brampton, Ontario	Sep 27, 2015
105	Martha Farquhar-mcdonnell	Toronto	Sep 27, 2015
104	Catherine Duchastel	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 27, 2015
103	Nicole DeCassan	Woodbridge, Ontario	Sep 27, 2015
102	Michael Sarabia	Stockton, California	Sep 27, 2015
101	maggie lyons	Toronto, ON	Sep 27, 2015
100	Karla Korkodilos	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 27, 2015
99	Joan Reynolds		Sep 27, 2015
98	Chia lin Yu	Taitung, Taiwan	Sep 27, 2015
97	Kaylin Hauzar	Toronto, ON	Sep 26, 2015
96	Jolene Pedersen	Saskatchewan	Sep 26, 2015
95	Doreen Docken	Beauval, Saskatchewan	Sep 26, 2015
94	patricia borchmann	escondido, California	Sep 26, 2015
93	Alison Morley	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 26, 2015
92	Florence Flynn	Williams Lake, British Columbia	Sep 26, 2015
91	Emily Dyck	Toronto, On	Sep 26, 2015
90	Barbara Taylor	Vancouver, B.C.	Sep 26, 2015
89	Farah Aslani	Toronto	Sep 26, 2015
88	ALice Lambert	florence, KY	Sep 26, 2015
87	Rod Halligan	Darwin, N.T.	Sep 26, 2015
86	Henry Newnan	Warren, MI	Sep 26, 2015
85	Jorge Aros		Sep 26, 2015
84	Susannah Scott	Port Hedland	Sep 26, 2015
83	Hervé Loquais	Carcassonne, France	Sep 26, 2015
82	Bobbi Filanda	Port Huron, Michigan	Sep 26, 2015
81	Bob Stuart	Spiritwood, Saskatchewan	Sep 26, 2015
80	Deborah Mihalicz	Beauval , Saskatchewan	Sep 26, 2015
79	Melissa Atkinson-Graham	Toronto, ON	Sep 25, 2015
78	Laura Lynch	Santa Barbara, California	Sep 25, 2015
77	Deepti Parmar	Markham, Ontario	Sep 25, 2015
76	Ian Mills		Sep 25, 2015
75	anderson clipping	Wollaston Lake, Saskatchewan	Sep 25, 2015
74	holger hadrich	oldenburg, germany	Sep 25, 2015
73	Tomohiro Matsuoka	Coburg, 3058	Sep 25, 2015
72	Eric Oosenbrug	Kitchener, Ontario	Sep 25, 2015
71	Marcus Atkinson	Leederville, Western Australia	Sep 25, 2015
70	Anita James	Pincher Creek, AB	Sep 25, 2015
69	Clara Czuppon	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 25, 2015
68	Ken Ranney	Peterborough, Ontario	Sep 25, 2015
67	lucille clarke	kitimat, British Columbia	Sep 25, 2015
66	Donald Echodh	Black lake, Saskatchewan	Sep 25, 2015
65	Colleen O'Neill	Coldwater, Ontario	Sep 25, 2015
64	Aaron Wright	Toronto, ONT	Sep 25, 2015
63	Ariane Hanemaayer	Halifax, Nova Scotia	Sep 25, 2015
62	Michael Laurentius	East York, Ontario	Sep 25, 2015
61	alexandra cimino	toronto, on	Sep 24, 2015
60	Pat Martin	Canyon, B.C.	Sep 24, 2015
59	Rachelle Saunders	Waterloo, Ontario	Sep 24, 2015
58	Constance simmonds	toronto, ontario	Sep 24, 2015
57	Alison Syme	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 24, 2015
56	Dorothy Goldin Rosenberg MES, PhD	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 24, 2015
55	Melissa Hande		Sep 24, 2015
54	marty brennan	regina, Saskatchewan	Sep 24, 2015
53	Rae Mitten	Redvers, Saskatchewan	Sep 24, 2015
52	Erika Hollinsky	Windsor, Ontario	Sep 24, 2015
51	Anne Kelly	Galiano, British Columbia	Sep 24, 2015
50	Rebecca Todd		Sep 24, 2015
49	paul gaudet	Shediac, New Brunswick	Sep 24, 2015
48	Bonnie Lawrence	Saskatoon, Sask.	Sep 24, 2015
47	Warren Bell MD	Salmon Arm, BC	Sep 24, 2015
46	martha kashap	huntsville, ontario	Sep 24, 2015
45	Mary Jean Hande	Toronto, ON	Sep 24, 2015
44	Linda Babb	Niagara Falls, Ontario	Sep 24, 2015
43	John Smerek	Pinehouse Lake, Saskatchewan	Sep 24, 2015
42	Lorraine Matt	Raymore, Saskatchewan	Sep 24, 2015
41	Lori Harper	Manitou Beach, SK	Sep 24, 2015
40	Karen Colvin	Port Hope, Ontario	Sep 24, 2015
39	Philippe Bouchard	Montreal, Quebec	Sep 24, 2015
38	Malcolm Andrews	Cut Knife, SK	Sep 24, 2015
37	Des joyea		Sep 24, 2015
36	kevin james	Sunshine Coast, B.C.	Sep 24, 2015
35	Barbara Bell		Sep 24, 2015
34	Marcella Pedersen	Cut Knife,, Saskatchewan	Sep 24, 2015
33	Penny Swartz	Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan	Sep 24, 2015
32	Rolef Ohlroggen	roberts creek, BC	Sep 24, 2015
31	Brad Gardiner	beauval, Saskatchewan	Sep 24, 2015
30	Jamie Lynn Guy-Ostrowski	LaPlace, LA	Sep 24, 2015
29	Sandra Bruderer		Sep 24, 2015
28	Max morin Morin	Beauval, Saskatchewan	Sep 24, 2015
27	Beth Lowther		Sep 23, 2015
26	Florence Ennis	MooseJaw, Saskatchewan	Sep 23, 2015
25	Cynthia Morrison	Kentville, Nova Scotia	Sep 23, 2015
24	Cindy desnomie	fort qu'appelle, sask	Sep 23, 2015
23	lois mitchell	saskatoon, sask	Sep 23, 2015
22	Susan Livergant	Ottawa, Ont	Sep 23, 2015
21	Jenn Carr	Gatineau, Qc	Sep 23, 2015
20	Bryan Lee	Fish Lake, Sask.	Sep 23, 2015
19	B. L. Wagner	Regina , Saskatchewan	Sep 23, 2015
18	Candyce Paul	Beauval, Saskatchewan	Sep 23, 2015
17	D'Arcy Hande	Saskatoon, Saskatchewan	Sep 23, 2015
16	Lois Banks	Richmond Hill, Ontario	Sep 23, 2015
15	Angela Bischoff	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 23, 2015
14	Libbe HaLevy		Sep 23, 2015
13	Eva Seth	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 23, 2015
12	Crystal Frenette		Sep 23, 2015
11	Arn Keeling	St. John's, NL	Sep 23, 2015
10	Emil BELL	Beauval, Saskatchewan	Sep 23, 2015
9	Emily Simmonds	toronto , ont	Sep 23, 2015
8	duygu kasdogan		Sep 22, 2015
7	Shawn Iserhoff	Mistissini, Quebec	Sep 22, 2015
6	Laura Sniderman	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 22, 2015
5	Rida Nadeem	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 22, 2015
4	Julien Scott	Innisfail, Alberta	Sep 22, 2015
3	Peter Hobbs	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 22, 2015
2	Max Liboiron	St. John's, NL	Sep 22, 2015
1	Natasha Myers	Toronto, Ontario	Sep 17, 2015

More Information

Dewar, L. Harvey, and C. Vakil, “Uranium Mining and Health.” Canadian Family Physician 59.5 (2013): 469-71.

 Jing, J. Huixia, T. Bliss, and J. Zielinski, “A Preliminary Radon Map for Canada According to Health Region.” Radon Protection Dosimetry 130.1 (2008): 1-3.

Keil, A. P., Richardson, D. B., & Troester, M. A. (2015). Healthy Worker Survivor Bias in the Colorado Plateau Uranium Miners Cohort. American journal of epidemiology, kwu348.

Kusiak, R. A., Ritchie, A. C., Muller, J., & Springer, J. (1993). Mortality from lung cancer in Ontario uranium miners. British journal of industrial medicine, 50(10), 920-928.

Limson, B.L. Tracy, J.M. Zielinski, D.P. Meyerhof, M.A. Moss. (1998) “Chronic Ingestion of Uranium in Drinking Water: A Study of Kidney Bioeffects in Humans.” Toxicologic Science 43(1), 68-77.

The National Research Council (2002) “Health Risks From Exposure to Low Level Ionizing Radiation,” The National Academies.

Rage, E., Caër-Lorho, S., Drubay, D., Ancelet, S., Laroche, P., & Laurier, D. (2014). Mortality analyses in the updated French cohort of uranium miners (1946–2007). International archives of occupational and environmental health, 1-14.

S.P. Singh, and J. Hendry, 2013. “Solid Phase Distribution and Leaching Behavior of Nickel and Uranium in a Uranium Waste Rock Pile.” Water Air Soil Pollution 224 (1360): 1-11

Smith, K., “Saskatchewan Radon Gas Levels Higher than National Average,” November 24, 2014

Taeger, D., Johnen, G., Wiethege, T., Tapio, S., Möhner, M., Wesch, H., … & Pesch, B. (2009). Major histopathological patterns of lung cancer related to arsenic exposure in German uranium miners. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 82(7), 867-875.

Thomas, A. Darwin, Z. Weihua, Z., Baweja, A., and T. Bliss. “Radon Emanation in Saskatchewan Soils.” The Radiation Safety Journal Health Physics 100.6 (2011): 565-73.

Sign Another Letter